Our Work

  Ground-based networks and space-based archives are served by largely disjoint client stacks: sunpy, radiospectra and Fido with per-station file conventions on one side; CDAWeb, AMDA a…

  Ground-based networks and space-based archives are served by largely disjoint client stacks: sunpy, radiospectra and Fido with per-station file conventions on one side; CDAWeb, AMDA and HAPI clients with ISTP metadata on the other. Comparing a type-III burst observed simultaneously by a ground spectrograph and a spacecraft receiver therefore requires manual work for each event. We report on serving both from a single interactive analysis environment, and on the interoperability obstacles this exposed. The work follows from the Lorentz Center workshop Bridging Gaps in Heliospheric Radio Data Analyses (Leiden, May 2026).   SciQLop is an open-source, cross-platform environment for multi-mission in situ data analysis, with archive access through the Speasy library and an extensible plugin system. Its radio plugin serves 38 curated dynamic-spectrum products from space-based receivers spanning five decades: Wind/WAVES, STEREO-A and -B SWAVES, Solar Orbiter/RPW, PSP/FIELDS RFS, and the planetary receivers of Juno, Cassini, Galileo and Voyager 1 and 2. It serves ground-based e-CALLISTO, I-LOFAR (mode-357 beam-formed) and RSTN through radiospectra's Fido clients. All are exposed as time-windowed products that fetch and cache on demand as the user pans and zooms across a shared time axis. The approach is not specific to radio: an equivalent plugin serves FDSN seismic networks through ObsPy, and a SuperMAG provider being added to Speasy itself exposes that network's roughly 600 ground magnetometer stations as individual products, discoverable by IAGA code and returned in the local geomagnetic or the geographic frame.   The integration exposed several obstacles of general interest. Ground-based products carry no ISTP-equivalent presentation metadata, requiring a separate plot-hints layer for them to render consistently with archive-served data. EOVSA spectrograms moved behind a registration wall during development, motivating an explicit "listed but not retrievable" product state rather than a silent absence. SuperMAG publishes no per-station temporal coverage, reporting instead which stations were operating over a requested interval, so a client cannot advertise a station's real extent without an extra query. Search attributes never fully identify a channel. A station attribute exists only in the affiliated package, sunpy's generic one having been removed, and the token separating concurrent signal chains at one site, such as an e-CALLISTO focus code, has no attribute at all, so channel identity is reconstructed for every instrument by re-filtering the returned rows on their columns. Getting this wrong is silent: at I-LOFAR, where every timestamp ships one file per linear polarisation, the two channels were merged into a single spectrogram, and no structural check could object because they share an identical frequency grid. I-LOFAR mode-357 files decode into three co-temporal frequency bands requiring reassembly, and carry their start time only in the filename, so a cache that renames files loses it. We close by asking what minimal agreed metadata ground-based networks would need to publish for a generic client to consume them as it already consumes CDAWeb and AMDA.

We report the progress obtained after PIHR–GOLDBACH XXIII (Gold-23) in the continuing attempt to isolate a rigorous analytic route toward the binary Goldbach conjecture. Gold-23 reduced the exce…

We report the progress obtained after PIHR–GOLDBACH XXIII (Gold-23) in the continuing attempt to isolate a rigorous analytic route toward the binary Goldbach conjecture. Gold-23 reduced the exceptional-character obstruction to a joint residual–four-Möbius problem in which the exceptional-centered prime residual, four genuine signed Möbius factors, and the same auxiliary character had to be controlled simultaneously. The present work sharpens this picture substantially. First, the previously contemplated transfer of explicit Deuring–Heilbronn zero repulsion directly to four separated reciprocal Dirichlet -factors is rejected. Zero repulsion controls zero locations but does not provide the uniform minimum-modulus estimates required for four independent -factors.

This article examines whether Community Group Saving and Lending (CGSL) mechanisms can be used to finance small-scale storage infrastructure as a pathway for reducing post-harvest losses and strengthe…

This article examines whether Community Group Saving and Lending (CGSL) mechanisms can be used to finance small-scale storage infrastructure as a pathway for reducing post-harvest losses and strengthening food security in rural South Sudan. The analysis is developed from a mixed-methods PhD study on CGSL mechanisms and rural agricultural development in Eastern Equatoria, Jonglei and Lakes States. The thesis data included 81 valid survey responses out of 85 questionnaires distributed, alongside 17 qualitative interviews, and was analysed using descriptive statistics, chi-square testing and logistic regression. Although the original field instrument did not directly measure physical post-harvest loss rates, it provides strong evidence on the financial constraint that prevents smallholders from investing in longer-term agricultural assets. Working-capital scarcity recorded a very high overall mean of 4.68, modern agricultural technology was perceived as highly capital intensive with a mean of 4.30, and long-term investment in land, machinery and infrastructure scored only 3.51. The logistic regression result showed that access to credit significantly influenced investment in modern agricultural technology (beta = 1.9459, p = 0.026). On this basis, the article argues that CGSLs can improve food security if they move beyond short consumption-smoothing loans and create ring-fenced storage-finance windows for hermetic bags, raised granaries, community stores and harvest aggregation assets. The contribution of the article is a storage-finance model that links informal credit, reduced harvest distress sales, lower loss exposure and improved household food availability. The findings suggest that CGSLs should not be romanticised as complete substitutes for public or formal agricultural finance, but they can be strengthened as first-mile institutions for financing low-cost, locally governed storage infrastructure.

Abstract Maxillofacial trauma remains a leading cause of emergency admissions, with the "Golden Hour" representing the most critical window for determining patient prognosis and reducing long-term mor…

Abstract Maxillofacial trauma remains a leading cause of emergency admissions, with the "Golden Hour" representing the most critical window for determining patient prognosis and reducing long-term morbidity. This study evaluates the patterns of facial injuries among the youth demographic, highlighting the correlation between road traffic accidents and a lack of adherence to safety measures. By integrating clinical trauma data with public health outreach, the research explores the impact of educational interventions on motivating young individuals to adopt preventive behaviors. Findings suggest that while surgical precision is vital for reconstruction, proactive advocacy regarding road safety and the physiological significance of immediate trauma care is essential to minimize the incidence and severity of maxillofacial injuries, ultimately bridging the gap between the moment of impact and definitive surgical intervention. Background : The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the factors and patterns of maxillofacial injuries in the subjects reporting to the tertiary care hospital in Haryana. Materials and Methods : A cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of 1 year i.e. 1st April 2024 -31st march 2025 including consecutive sample size of 306 patients  Results : This study included 306 patients of maxillofacial trauma reporting to the emergency services of MMIMSR ,Mullana ,Ambala, Haryana. The majority of participants were students (34.0%), followed by skilled workers (23.4%), indicating a predominance of younger and working-age individuals in the study population. The age group of 16-30 yrs showed with the highest occurrence of maxillofacial trauma . Two-wheeler accidents were significantly higher in the 16-30 years age group (53.3%, p = 0.002). The majority of the cases did not use any safety devices, including 299 patients (97.7%). There was no statistically significant association between age groups and use of safety measures helmet (p = 0.132), none (p = 0.117), or other measures (p = 0.837. The most common fracture site was found to be zygoma fractures with 48 (15.7%). For the soft tissue injuries- lacerations, the forehead region was the most frequently affected area- 38.9% of the total and 21.2% "multiple abrasions" were most commonly seen. 15.7%, experienced injuries other than facial trauma .With 36 cases, or 70.6% of the subset, the head is the most commonly affected area. CT scans were the most commonly advised radiological investigations . Conclusion : This study supports the view that RTAs are most common etiology for maxillofacial trauma . According to the analysed data, it necessitates strictness for road traffic legislation and public health education towards the road safety awareness and golden hour education .

Plasma nitriding is a promising method for enhancing the surface mechanical properties of compositionallycomplex alloys (CCAs), though the mechanisms governing phase evolution and property changes rem…

Plasma nitriding is a promising method for enhancing the surface mechanical properties of compositionallycomplex alloys (CCAs), though the mechanisms governing phase evolution and property changes remain unclear. This study investigates the microstructural evolution and mechanical response of a Zr45Ti31.5Nb13.5Al10 alloy after plasma nitriding, combining experimental techniques with thermodynamic calculations. Mechanical properties were assessed via nanoindentation, including hardness, H/E, and H3/E2 ratios. Nitriding produces a chemically and structurally graded surface layer consisting of a near-surface FCC (B1-type) multicomponent nitride, a transition region with mixed FCC/HCP structure, and a BCC substrate. This gradient results from nitrogen diffusion and element-specific nitride formation, as confirmed by EBSD, TEM (SAED, EDS), and XRD analyses. Surface hardness increases more than fivefold, from ~5 GPa to ~28 GPa, due to a combination of nitride formation, solid-solution strengthening, and nanoscale microstructural refinement. The nitriding response is primarily controlled by strong nitride-forming elements (Zr, Ti, Nb), which facilitate uniform nitrogen incorporation and formation of a dense multicomponent nitride layer. Notably, aluminum is incorporated into the nitride lattice without forming a separate AlN phase. These results provide new insights into multicomponent nitride formation and highlight plasma nitriding as an effective strategy for tailoring surface properties of advanced CCAs.

The working paper brings together reflections from three Communities of Practice - WIGE4, UNIGEM5, and LAC6 - on the impact of gender equality & other inclusive policies in the face of an escalati…

The working paper brings together reflections from three Communities of Practice - WIGE4, UNIGEM5, and LAC6 - on the impact of gender equality & other inclusive policies in the face of an escalating neoconservative backlash. Participants highlighted the intended and unintended consequences of progressive policies, shifting policy focus from GEPs to Inclusive GEPs, and the intensifying opposition against gender equality and DEI (diversity-equity-inclusion). In this paper we identify three forces, neoconservatism, anti-feminist backlash, and anti-genderism, which, while working in synergy, present a dangerous ideological coherence that results in a strong backlash against gender equality policies and gender equality work, including within the higher education sector. By linking global and local processes, this working paper sheds light on how anti-gender mobilizations reshape the landscape of gender equality policies. It situates these challenges within broader debates on democracy, institutional accountability, and social justice. In doing so, it sets the stage for deeper analysis of how Inclusive GEPs might serve as tools for resilience and progressive change. In this context, the concept of inclusivity is broadened from its initial focus on the recognition of various social identities and how they intersect, to the establishment of connections with other progressive social actors in order to present a unified front against conservative backlash.

Triazole scaffolds represent a versatile class of heterocyclic pharmacophores that have attracted considerable attention in medicinal chemistry due to their broad spectrum of biological activities, in…

Triazole scaffolds represent a versatile class of heterocyclic pharmacophores that have attracted considerable attention in medicinal chemistry due to their broad spectrum of biological activities, including antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. The unique electronic configuration, aromatic stability, and hydrogen-bonding potential of the 1,2,4-triazole nucleus make it an ideal framework for drug design, particularly in the context of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which remains a pressing global health challenge. In the present study, twenty novel 1,2,4-triazole derivatives were synthesised and systematically evaluated using 2D Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship (QSAR) modelling and molecular docking approaches to establish structure–activity relationships and predict antimicrobial potential. QSAR equations were developed against Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli, revealing that antimicrobial activity was significantly influenced by thermodynamic descriptors such as molar refractivity and total energy, as well as steric and topological parameters including the Wiener index, Balaban index, and number of rotatable bonds. The statistical robustness of the models was confirmed by high correlation coefficients (r² values ranging from 0.712 to 0.823) and satisfactory predictive validation (q² values between 0.683 and 0.798), underscoring the reliability of the models in forecasting biological activity. Molecular docking studies were performed against microbial protein targets (PDB IDs: 1AJO and 7P2M) to complement QSAR findings. Among the synthesised derivatives, Compound 10 (−2.814 kcal/mol) and Compound 16 (−4.272 kcal/mol) exhibited the most favourable binding affinities, forming stable interactions with active site residues through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic contacts. Although reference antibiotics such as amoxicillin and ciprofloxacin demonstrated superior docking scores, several triazole derivatives displayed comparable binding interactions, suggesting their potential as lead candidates for further biological evaluation. The integration of QSAR and docking analyses highlights the utility of computational drug design as a cost-effective and time-saving strategy in modern drug discovery. By predicting biological activity prior to synthesis and guiding structural optimisation, this approach accelerates the identification of promising antimicrobial agents. The findings of this study not only reinforce the pharmacological relevance of the triazole scaffold but also provide a rational framework for the design of next-generation antimicrobial drugs capable of addressing the escalating threat of AMR.

We report the progress obtained after PIHR–GOLDBACH XXII (Gold-22) in the continuing attempt to isolate a rigorous analytic route toward the binary Goldbach conjecture. Gold-22 substantially red…

We report the progress obtained after PIHR–GOLDBACH XXII (Gold-22) in the continuing attempt to isolate a rigorous analytic route toward the binary Goldbach conjecture. Gold-22 substantially reduced the parity-sensitive nonzero-frequency obstruction. The isolated Reciprocal Pair De-Resonance estimate required for the signed four-Möbius switching remainder can be placed inside the published arbitrary-set bilinear Kloosterman theory of Kerr, Shparlinski, Wu and Xi. The determinant packet may be stopped after the first Fourier/Partial-Gauss transformation, before a second Fourier transformation introduces an unnecessary additive coupling. The degenerate reciprocal sector admits an exact Ramanujan-sum treatment, and the prime-modulus Jutila/RPD exponent budget contains a positive fixed-power reserve. The post-Gold-22 audit changes the remaining obstruction again. The first new conclusion is that the exceptional-character sector cannot be treated as a harmless perturbation.