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A Takayama–Judge spatial price-equilibrium model of the global crude oil market, solved daily over a 518-day horizon on a network of 2,662 oil fields, 537 refineries, 279 ports and 4,974 pipelin…

A Takayama–Judge spatial price-equilibrium model of the global crude oil market, solved daily over a 518-day horizon on a network of 2,662 oil fields, 537 refineries, 279 ports and 4,974 pipeline endpoints. Three nested scenarios: crude only (SC1), with a biomass-to-syncrude spot market (SC2), and with a forward-contract market for syncrude (SC3). Applied to a 2026 closure of the Strait of Hormuz and calibrated against 183 daily closes of Europe Brent Spot FOB from 2 January to 22 September 2026. The archive contains the model, the input data it needs, the reference results for every reported value, and the scripts that draw the paper's three figures, which are included. README.md gives the commands; RESULTS.md gives each reported value and the command that produces it; DATA_SOURCES.md gives the provenance of every input. Running a scenario needs Python 3.9 or later and the pinned packages in requirements.txt. A 518-day scenario takes 20 to 45 minutes.

Introduction: Older adults undergoing major emergency orthopedic surgery face high risks of postoperative delirium (POD), a debilitating complication. Inflammation and stress, reflected by the neutrop…

Introduction: Older adults undergoing major emergency orthopedic surgery face high risks of postoperative delirium (POD), a debilitating complication. Inflammation and stress, reflected by the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), may contribute to POD. This study evaluates NLR as a predictor of POD in this vulnerable cohort. Material and methods: This study employed a descriptive cross-sectional design at Shohada Hospital, Tabriz, Iran, with 88 elderly patients undergoing major emergency orthopedic surgery. Convenience sampling and Cochran’s formula determined sample size. Inclusion criteria focused on age (≥65), surgery type, preoperative CBC availability, and post-op assessment capability, while excluding pre-existing cognitive impairment or confounding conditions. Data on demographics, clinical factors, and NLR were collected, with postoperative delirium as the primary outcome. Results: A total of 88 patients were evaluated, with 26 (29.5%) developing postoperative delirium. Advanced age (P<0.001), higher ASA status (P=0.007), longer surgery (P=0.018) and delay times (P=0.005), lower albumin (P=0.001), and elevated NLR (P<0.001) were associated with delirium. Preoperative NLR (OR=1.89, 95% CI:1.29-2.77, P=0.001) independently predicted delirium. Conclusion: Preoperative NLR is a significant independent predictor of postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing major orthopedic surgery, suggesting its utility in risk stratification and early intervention strategies for this vulnerable population.

Актуальность. Острый пиелонефрит во время беременности представляет  Pсистемную инфекцию мочевых путей, способную сопровождаться тяжёлыми  материнскими осложнениями и ассоциироваться с небла…

Актуальность. Острый пиелонефрит во время беременности представляет  Pсистемную инфекцию мочевых путей, способную сопровождаться тяжёлыми  материнскими осложнениями и ассоциироваться с неблагоприятными  акушерскими исходами. Вместе с тем понятие «реабилитации после  пиелонефрита» остаётся недостаточно стандартизированным: доказательная  база значительно лучше разработана для лечения активной инфекции, скрининга бактериурии и наблюдения за рецидивами, чем для специальных  немедикаментозных или физиотерапевтических программ.

Supporting data, code and methods for the article From distant volcanoes: obsidian and early Neolithic connections on the Şanlıurfa plateau. The package contains an evidence register for 24 Şanlıurfa-…

Supporting data, code and methods for the article From distant volcanoes: obsidian and early Neolithic connections on the Şanlıurfa plateau. The package contains an evidence register for 24 Şanlıurfa-area localities with reported Pre-Pottery Neolithic remains. It also includes data from regional comparison sites, coordinate records, notes documenting checks of the published sources, supplementary methods and figures. Supplementary Tables S1 and S2 are provided as Excel workbooks. The modelling files contain 22 source–site paths: three source alternatives for each of six local destinations, plus four regional comparator paths. Nine paths to Harbetsuvan Tepesi, Karahan Tepe and Göbekli Tepe form the principal analysis. A further 54 sensitivity runs test how changes in model settings affect the results for these nine paths. Code, model inputs, saved elevation data and numerical outputs support reproduction of the calculations. The evidence register separates evidence that obsidian was present from evidence of where it came from. Surface finds are not automatically assigned to a locality’s Neolithic occupation. Modelled paths compare geographical scenarios; they neither identify the sources used nor establish routes travelled.Start with SUPPLEMENTARY_FILE_GUIDE.pdf for the contents, methods and instructions for reproducing the calculations.

Introduction. Amid the demographic crisis and personnel shortage in Russian regions, the issue of engaging businesses in supporting employees with family responsibilities is becoming increasingly…

Introduction. Amid the demographic crisis and personnel shortage in Russian regions, the issue of engaging businesses in supporting employees with family responsibilities is becoming increasingly relevant. The institutionalization of corporate demographic policy is at an active stage, but its actual implementation remains poorly studied from the employees’ perspective. The aim of the study is to identify the established formal and informal corporate practices for supporting employees at manufacturing enterprises and to characterize the perception of the employer’s role as a subject of demographic policy. Materials and Methods. The empirical basis consists of in-depth semi-structured interviews conducted from April to June 2025 with workers of large industrial, agricultural, and construction enterprises of the Republic of Mordovia. The sample (n = 18) included 7 women and 11 men – representatives of blue-collar jobs and line management. Sampling was carried out using the snowball method; interviews were transcribed and analyzed using thematic coding. Results. The established formal practices include one-off payments at childbirth, partial compensation for kindergarten fees and summer camp vouchers, holiday gifts for children, and additional paid days off for family events. At the informal level, a practice of resolving work-family balance issues through arrangements with immediate supervisors has emerged, indicating a primary adaptation of production to the family needs of employees. Family support is part of the corporate culture; however, the employer’s role as a subject of demographic policy isperceived as secondary. Conclusion. The institutionalization of corporate demographic policy is manifested in a variety of formal and informal support measures for employees, but it remains incomplete. This is evidenced by insuffi cient employee awareness of available benefi ts and the perception of the employer as a secondary actor in demographic policy. The results of the study can be used to improve social programs in the industrial sector and to develop social partnership projects.

The MiBAS – Micro Biogas Plants Switzerland project established, for the first time, a scientifically data basis for the operation of micro biogas plants under Swiss climatic conditions. The obj…

The MiBAS – Micro Biogas Plants Switzerland project established, for the first time, a scientifically data basis for the operation of micro biogas plants under Swiss climatic conditions. The objective was to investigate the potential of these systems for the decentralized treatment of organic residues and the provision of renewable energy in households, small residential communities, alpine farms, and mountain inns.  At the core of the project was the installation and one-year operation of a research and demonstration plant of the “(B)calm” type, featuring a digester volume of approximately 2 m³. The system was equipped with heating and insulation components, extensive monitoring technology, and automated data acquisition. Over the twelve-month measurement campaign, continuous data on process stability, biogas production, gas quality, and energy yield were collected. In addition, legal, economic, and application-specific aspects were investigated.  In total, approximately 1.4 t of organic feedstock was processed. Between day 50 and day 365 of operation, around 34 m³ of biogas was produced with an average methane content of 63%, corresponding to an energy yield of approximately 215 kWh. The average power output was about 28 W. During the heated operating phase, biogas production averaged 128 L per day. After the heating system was switched off, production declined to around 89 L per day, clearly demonstrating the importance of temperature control for gas generation. The results show that microbiologically stable operation of micro biogas plants is fundamentally feasible under Swiss conditions. Key process indicators, particularly pH and the VFA/TIC ratio, remained within the optimal range for most of the monitoring period. At the same time, it became clear that temperature management, thermal insulation, and heat transfer are key factors influencing both plant operation and energy efficiency. Although stable gas yields were achieved through the use of active heating, further optimisation is required with regard to thermal design and energy efficiency. However, this optimisation need primarily relates to the operating conditions investigated in the project, which were characterized by low plant throughput, and does not allow general conclusions to be drawn about the performance potential of micro biogas plants under optimized design and operating conditions.  Economic assessments revealed that energy production costs depend strongly on plant size and utilization rate, with calculated values ranging from CHF 0.09 to CHF 0.65 per kWh. Larger systems benefit from economies of scale and, under the assumptions made, may achieve competitive levelized costs of energy. At the same time, preliminary legal assessments indicate that micro-biogas plants may, under certain conditions, be constructed and operated without requiring a permit.  Overall, the project confirms the technical feasibility of micro biogas plants and their potential to support a circular economy through the decentralized utilization of organic residues. To the authors’ knowledge, the measurement data and practical experience obtained constitute the most comprehensive data basis available to date for this field of application in Switzerland. Nevertheless, further research and demonstration projects are required before wider deployment can be achieved, particularly in alpine regions and off-grid or small-scale energy supply concepts. Future work should focus on improving energy efficiency, evaluating performance under alpine conditions, and positioning the technology relative to existing centralized waste treatment systems. 

Mazkur maqolada o‘qituvchining kasbiy faoliyatida muloqot madaniyati va psixologiyasining o‘rni, pedagogik muloqotning mazmun-mohiyati, o‘qituvchi va o‘quvchi o‘rtasidagi…

Mazkur maqolada o‘qituvchining kasbiy faoliyatida muloqot madaniyati va psixologiyasining o‘rni, pedagogik muloqotning mazmun-mohiyati, o‘qituvchi va o‘quvchi o‘rtasidagi samarali kommunikativ munosabatlarni shakllantirish omillari yoritilgan. Shuningdek, pedagogik muloqot jarayonida nutq madaniyati, tinglash qobiliyati, empatiya, pedagogik takt, hissiy barqarorlik va individual yondashuvning ahamiyati tahlil qilingan. O‘qituvchining kommunikativ kompetensiyasini rivojlantirish ta’lim samaradorligini oshirishning muhim sharti sifatida asoslangan.

To prevent man-made emergencies and mitigate their consequences at industrial enterprises, the coordinated operation of technical and organizational protection measures is required. Modern approaches …

To prevent man-made emergencies and mitigate their consequences at industrial enterprises, the coordinated operation of technical and organizational protection measures is required. Modern approaches to risk management indicate the need to identify, analyze, assess risks, and determine appropriate measures for them [1, 2].

This paper presents a constraint-aware and systematic methodology for the design of LCLfilters in grid-connected electric vehicle (EV) fast chargers. The proposed step-by-stepprocess provides analytic…

This paper presents a constraint-aware and systematic methodology for the design of LCLfilters in grid-connected electric vehicle (EV) fast chargers. The proposed step-by-stepprocess provides analytical sizing equations for the passive components L 1 , L 2 , and C whileexplicitly accounting for key design trade-offs such as voltage drop, reactive power draw,resonance frequency, and harmonic attenuation. Unlike conventional practice, which oftenrelies on oversized inductors, the proposed approach selects inductance values near thepermissible lower bound, resulting in a more compact and cost-effective filter solution.A 100 kVA bidirectional converter model was used to validate the design through time-domain simulations. Results show that the proposed filter maintains a grid current totalharmonic distortion of less than 2% and limits individual high-order harmonics to below0.3%, fully complying with IEEE Std. 519 taken as reference among other power qualitystandards. By selecting the minimum inductance that satisfies these limits, the requiredinductor mass is reduced by approximately 67% compared with a conservative design,translating into substantial savings in size and cost. The methodology is scalable to otherpower ratings by updating the base parameters, providing a practical design tool for EVcharger manufacturers and utilities to achieve higher efficiency, lower cost, and reliablegrid-code compliance.

Instructional discourse — the language examiners and test materials use to direct test-takers through a speaking assessment task — has received comparatively little theoretical attention r…

Instructional discourse — the language examiners and test materials use to direct test-takers through a speaking assessment task — has received comparatively little theoretical attention relative to task design and rating criteria. Yet the way instructions are delivered, whether scripted verbatim or improvised, direct or mitigated, may shape the very interaction from which speaking proficiency is inferred. This paper synthesizes research on the interlocutor frame, examiner variation, and discourse-based validation in L2 speaking assessment to argue that instruction-giving should be treated as a pragmatic and discourse-analytic object of study in its own right. Drawing on the constructs of interactional co-construction, examiner deviation, and discourse-based task validation, the paper proposes a conceptual framework distinguishing three dimensions of instructional discourse — directness, elaboration, and consistency — and discusses their implications for test fairness, examiner training, and future empirical research.