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AbstractThe Cracked Mirror by Gopal Guru and Sundar Sarukkai is a phenomenal book on the debate between theory and experience in Dalit literature. Although a formal theoretical canon is underway,…

AbstractThe Cracked Mirror by Gopal Guru and Sundar Sarukkai is a phenomenal book on the debate between theory and experience in Dalit literature. Although a formal theoretical canon is underway, the Dalit aesthetics, in sharp opposition to the Sanskritized ‘rasa theory’, offers a strong epistemological system based on the lived experience, the radical language and the emotional intensity. Based on the personal narratives of Kalyani Thakur and Manoranjan Byapari, as well as, the poems by Thakur and Manohar Mouli Biswas, my paper will discourse resilience, pain, and urgency of narration as the cornerstones of the theorizing of Dalit literature.    Keywords: Autobiography; Bengali; Dalit; Poem; Theory

Maqolada umumiy o'rta ta'lim maktablarida inklyuziv ta'limni tashkil etishning pedagogik shart-sharoitlari yoritilgan. Inklyuziv ta'limning mazmuni, asosiy tamoyillari va alohida ta'lim ehtiyojlariga …

Maqolada umumiy o'rta ta'lim maktablarida inklyuziv ta'limni tashkil etishning pedagogik shart-sharoitlari yoritilgan. Inklyuziv ta'limning mazmuni, asosiy tamoyillari va alohida ta'lim ehtiyojlariga ega bo'lgan o'quvchilar uchun qulay ta'lim muhitini yaratish masalalari tahlil qilingan. Shuningdek, ta'lim jarayonida individual yondashuvdan foydalanish, o'qituvchining kasbiy kompetensiyasini rivojlantirish, zamonaviy pedagogik texnologiyalarni qo'llash hamda oila va maktab hamkorligini kuchaytirishning ahamiyati ochib berilgan. Maqolada inklyuziv ta'lim samaradorligini oshirishga qaratilgan amaliy tavsiyalar ishlab chiqilgan.

AbstractThe representation of alternate sexualities and minority gender identities in Indian literature has been waiting for its fair due. While these representations in the past have been proble…

AbstractThe representation of alternate sexualities and minority gender identities in Indian literature has been waiting for its fair due. While these representations in the past have been problematic due to misrepresentation of the transgender community’s issues, Kalki Subramaniam’s anthology We are not the Others: Reflections of a Transgender Artivist is an innovative “artivist” attempt to speak for the underrepresented issues faced by the Transgender community of India. This research paper is an attempt to analyse select writings from her anthology through the lens of Juliet Mitchell’s four loci of control (production, reproduction, socialisation and sexuality) that are an extension of Friedrich Engels’ Socialist Feminism by blending it with Judith Butler’s theory of gender performativity. Delving deeper into the materiality and reality associated with gender-politics, this paper will assess the applicability of Socialist Feminism to select writings by a transgender activist who prefers to be addressed as an artivist i.e. Kalki Subramaniam. Keywords: Gender performativity; Indian literature; Sexuality; Socialisation; Socialist feminism; Transgender.

EQUILIBRIUM OS™ — AI Infrastructure & Critical-Systems Equilibrium Platform Version 1.0 — Public Technical & IP Freeze — 2026 Author: Bidyut MazumdarResearch Role: Inde…

EQUILIBRIUM OS™ — AI Infrastructure & Critical-Systems Equilibrium Platform Version 1.0 — Public Technical & IP Freeze — 2026 Author: Bidyut MazumdarResearch Role: Independent ResearcherAffiliation: FAIR+D Canon™ Technology IPORCID: 0009-0007-5615-3558Zenodo DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18442845Copyright: © 2026 Bidyut Mazumdar. All rights reserved. Description EQUILIBRIUM OS™ is a proposed technical architecture for an AI-enabled intelligence and decision-support layer for energy, water, compute, infrastructure integrity, resource stress, cybersecurity, and governance-constrained critical infrastructure. The architecture is founded on a central systems principle: The infrastructure that powers intelligence must itself be intelligent, resource-aware, resilient, constraint-aware, verifiable, and auditable. EQUILIBRIUM OS™ treats critical infrastructure not as a collection of independently optimized assets, but as a coupled cyber-physical system in which energy, water, compute capacity, infrastructure condition, resource stress, security state, service continuity, and governance constraints may interact dynamically. The Version 1.0 Public Technical & IP Freeze defines an integrated architecture intended to support: State estimation Uncertainty representation Forecasting Scenario analysis Constraint-aware optimization Critical-service prioritization Cyber-physical resilience Governance-safe decision controls Digital-twin analysis Verification Auditability Decision lineage Controlled future implementation research The architecture explicitly separates prediction, optimization, recommendation, authorization, and execution. A computational recommendation does not automatically constitute an executable command. Safety, policy, authorization, verification, human oversight, and audit controls remain distinct architectural concerns. 1. Core Systems Architecture The canonical operational sequence is: Sense → Estimate → Predict → Constrain → Optimize → Verify → Act / Recommend → Audit → Recover The system represents infrastructure conditions through a multidimensional state model covering, as applicable: Energy Water Compute Infrastructure Integrity Resource Stress Security State Governance and Safety Constraints A general dynamic representation is: xₜ₊₁ = F(xₜ, uₜ, dₜ, θₜ) + wₜ with an observation relationship of the form: zₜ = H(xₜ) + vₜ where system state, control inputs, disturbances, model parameters, process uncertainty, and observations are represented explicitly. Decision-making is formulated as a constraint-aware optimization problem, rather than as unconstrained numerical maximization: minᵤ J(u; x, ŷ, σ) subject to: gₕ(u,x) ≤ 0 h(u,x) = 0 u ∈ U The architecture distinguishes among hard constraints, service-continuity constraints, resource-risk constraints, efficiency objectives, and policy preferences. Where hard constraints cannot simultaneously be satisfied, the architecture is designed to return an infeasible or degraded-mode condition rather than manufacture an apparently feasible solution. 2. Eight Integrated Technical Engines 2.1 EQUILIBRIUM OS™ — Master Technology & IP Architecture Defines the system-of-systems architecture for resource-aware, resilient, and auditable critical infrastructure. The master architecture establishes: Canonical system architecture System-state representation Decision contracts Constraint hierarchy Interface architecture Reference data structures Requirements traceability Verification strategy Audit and decision-lineage concepts Separation between recommendation and execution authority The master architecture provides the integration layer through which the remaining technical engines interact. 2.2 Equilibrium State Engine™ Provides a framework for state estimation, uncertainty representation, and equilibrium-distance assessment. The engine addresses: Multidimensional infrastructure state Equilibrium reference states Observed versus estimated state Uncertainty and data-quality representation Robustness rules Estimator contracts Numerical reference testing Degraded and failure conditions Verification of state outputs A computationally estimated state is not treated as ground truth merely because it is numerically detailed. 2.3 Cross-Infrastructure Optimization Engine™ Addresses coupled multi-resource optimization across energy, water, compute, and infrastructure capacity. The architecture supports: Multi-objective optimization Hard and soft constraint classes Service continuity Resource-risk constraints Scenario-based optimization Rolling-horizon decision procedures Feasible-set construction Fallback strategies Solver failure handling Verification before publication of a candidate decision A lower-priority objective may be sacrificed where necessary to preserve higher-priority constraints. Numerical benchmarks contained in the release are reference methodologies and validation structures, not claims of field performance. 2.4 Critical-Service Priority Engine™ Provides explicit modelling of critical services under scarcity, dependency, and competing infrastructure demands. Service requirements may include: Criticality class Minimum service level Dependency relationships Maximum interruption duration Recovery target Uncertainty Authorization class Permissible degradation modes Dependency propagation occurs before discretionary prioritization. Scarcity allocation is designed to protect declared continuity requirements before allocating residual capacity according to explicit policy and fairness rules. The architecture recognizes that a mathematical priority score is not inherently morally or socially neutral and therefore preserves policy, authority, and audit information alongside numerical ordering. 2.5 Cyber-Physical Resilience Engine™ Connects cyber integrity, physical operating state, and bounded response authority. The architecture addresses: Security-state representation Trust gating Threat modelling Cyber-physical coupling Resilience state transitions Verification Degraded operation Response boundaries Failure modes Security assurance considerations A cyber anomaly may affect confidence, constraint posture, and permissible response classes rather than being treated as an isolated cybersecurity event. Security conditions can therefore influence operational decision validity while maintaining explicit authorization and verification boundaries. 2.6 Resource Stress Forecasting Engine™ Provides uncertainty-aware forecasting of: Energy stress Water stress Compute demand and capacity stress Infrastructure stress Resource availability Disturbance scenarios Forecast objects may include: Forecast horizon Target variable Point estimate Intervals, quantiles, or scenarios Model version Training-data window Feature provenance Calibration diagnostics The architecture supports scenario generation for conditions including: Demand spikes Water restrictions Grid constraints Equipment derating Resource shortages Security incidents Evaluation structures include appropriate forecasting error measures, interval coverage, calibration, false-alarm behaviour, and decision-oriented evaluation. 2.7 Governance-Safe Decision Layer™ Provides the architectural boundary between optimization and execution. The layer represents: Policy Authorization Safety requirements Decision validity Verification Human oversight Override mechanisms Auditability Rollback and failure handling A candidate recommendation is not automatically treated as an executable command. The decision layer is designed to require relevant state, constraint, policy, authority, and verification conditions to be satisfied before a decision is considered eligible for publication or execution within an appropriately authorized environment. 2.8 Equilibrium Infrastructure Digital Twin™ Defines a digital-twin architecture connecting: Observed State → Model State → Uncertainty → Scenarios → Candidate Decisions → Verification → Audit The architecture includes: Asset registry Telemetry State layer Physical and behavioural models Uncertainty layer Scenario layer Decision layer Audit layer Each twin state can preserve: Timestamp Source set Model version Parameter version Quality state The digital twin supports: Synchronization Calibration Counterfactual analysis Drift management Scenario comparison Model-version isolation Replay Reconstruction of known disturbances Decision coupling A digital twin is not treated as ground truth solely because it is computationally detailed. 3. Integrated Decision Architecture The eight engines are designed to operate as a coordinated architecture rather than isolated software components. A representative information flow is: Infrastructure & Sensor Data↓State Estimation & Data-Quality Assessment↓Equilibrium / Resource-State Representation↓Forecasting & Scenario Generation↓Digital-Twin / Counterfactual Evaluation↓Cross-Infrastructure Constraint Construction↓Critical-Service Protection & Priority Logic↓Multi-Resource Optimization↓Cyber-Physical Trust & Resilience Assessment↓Governance / Authorization / Safety Verification↓Recommendation or Authorized Action↓Audit / Decision Lineage / Replay↓Recovery, Recalibration and Continuous Review This architecture is intended to preserve traceability between inputs, models, assumptions, constraints, candidate decisions, verification results, and resulting actions or recommendations. 4. Verification, Validation & Reproducibility The Version 1.0 public package distinguishes several classes of technical content: A — Architecture / Specification Architecture and technical requirements defined in the documentation. M — Mathematical / Deterministic Reference Model Mathematical formulations or deterministic reference tests. V — Validation Procedure A defined validation or testing procedure whose execution status is recorded separately. E — Empirical Evidence Evidence requiring an actual dataset, experiment, or field measurement. P — Proposed Implementation / IP Direction A proposed technical direction rather than a granted intellectual-property right. The package includes source-of-record materials, technical specifications, reproducibility materials, validation artifacts, requirements traceability, and a publication validation summary. The release emphasizes: Deterministic validation where applicable Explicit assumptions Versioned inputs and configurations Model/version traceability Failure-mode declaration Reproducible build procedures Verification gates Decision reconstruction Audit trails Separation of simulation from empirical evidence Reproducibility does not by itself establish correctness. A reproducible implementation can reproduce an incorrect model; therefore validation remains a separate requirement. 5. Research & Engineering Scope The architecture is relevant to future research, controlled experimentation, and potential engineering applications involving: AI infrastructure Data centres Energy systems Water systems Compute infrastructure Critical facilities Industrial infrastructure Cyber-physical systems Resource-constrained operations Critical-service continuity Digital twins Infrastructure resilience Risk-aware optimization Governance-constrained AI decision support Potential future implementation environments may include enterprise infrastructure, utilities, industrial systems, critical facilities, and other infrastructure domains where multiple resources and operational constraints interact. The public release is a technical architecture and research-oriented specification, not evidence of completed commercial deployment. 6. Technical Design Principles The architecture is organized around the following methodological principles: Constraint before optimization Verification before execution Uncertainty before false precision Traceability before opacity Service continuity before discretionary efficiency Security state as an operational variable Human and institutional authority separated from numerical optimization Simulation distinguished from empirical evidence Reproducibility distinguished from correctness Failure and degraded modes treated as first-class system states Historical decision inputs preserved rather than silently overwritten 7. Validation & Acceptance Philosophy The technical specifications define acceptance requirements including: Public equations with defined and interpretable variables Explicit verification gates for safety-critical outputs Explicit authority states Preservation of uncertainty and data quality Declared and testable failure/degraded modes Reconstructable decisions Versioned inputs, configurations, and software identifiers Absence of unsupported claims regarding novelty, patentability, performance, or regulatory compliance The release therefore distinguishes between: what is specified; what is mathematically represented; what is tested; what requires empirical evidence; and what remains a proposed implementation direction. 8. Research Integrity & Scope Boundaries EQUILIBRIUM OS™ does not equate a mathematical formulation with real-world effectiveness. A model result remains conditional upon: Model assumptions Input data Parameterization Numerical method Computational environment Uncertainty Domain of validity Implementation conditions A simulation does not constitute empirical evidence, and a technical architecture does not by itself establish regulatory approval, legal authority, institutional authorization, production readiness, or field performance. References to external standards, frameworks, or organizations are provided for technical context and alignment only and do not imply endorsement, certification, partnership, or compliance. 9. Intellectual Property & Rights The public package is released as a technical and IP freeze. Copyright in the released original documentation and qualifying original materials is reserved: Copyright © 2026 Bidyut Mazumdar. All rights reserved. The package includes a custom non-commercial research and evaluation license permitting specified forms of: Non-commercial reading Private evaluation Scholarly discussion Citation with attribution The license does not grant patent rights and does not constitute a patentability, novelty, infringement, or freedom-to-operate determination. Potential intellectual-property questions concerning particular technical mechanisms require separate professional assessment, including appropriate prior-art analysis and jurisdiction-specific legal review. The public release does not represent that any particular component is novel, patentable, non-infringing, or commercially exclusive. 10. External Technical Context The technical documentation provides contextual alignment with established materials including, among others: WIPO patent and intellectual-property guidance WIPO technology-transfer and licensing principles NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 NIST Artificial Intelligence Risk Management Framework (AI RMF) 1.0 Such references establish contextual or methodological alignment only and do not constitute endorsement, certification, partnership, or compliance. 11. Package Contents The Zenodo release contains the Version 1.0 public technical package, including: 01 — Master Technology & IP Architecture02 — Equilibrium State Engine™03 — Cross-Infrastructure Optimization Engine™04 — Critical-Service Priority Engine™05 — Cyber-Physical Resilience Engine™06 — Resource Stress Forecasting Engine™07 — Governance-Safe Decision Layer™08 — Equilibrium Infrastructure Digital Twin™ The package additionally contains: Source-of-record technical specifications System schema Requirements traceability Reproducibility/build materials Validation materials Publication validation summary Manifest and release metadata References Licensing terms IP provenance information Publication audit material 12. Version & Release Identity Project: EQUILIBRIUM OS™Release: Version 1.0Release Type: Public Technical & IP FreezeYear: 2026Author: Bidyut MazumdarORCID: 0009-0007-5615-3558DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18442845Rights: Copyright © 2026 Bidyut Mazumdar. All rights reserved. This Zenodo record represents the public technical release of Version 1.0 and should be interpreted together with the accompanying package documentation, source-of-record materials, validation artifacts, license, and stated methodological limitations. 13. Keywords EQUILIBRIUM OS™, AI infrastructure, critical infrastructure, infrastructure intelligence, infrastructure resilience, cyber-physical systems, energy systems, water systems, compute infrastructure, resource optimization, multi-resource optimization, constrained optimization, critical-service continuity, resource stress forecasting, digital twin, cyber-physical resilience, AI decision support, governance-safe AI, decision verification, uncertainty quantification, scenario analysis, infrastructure digital twin, operational resilience, resource-aware computing, critical systems, infrastructure governance, auditability, reproducibility, safety constraints, decision lineage, risk-aware optimization, infrastructure systems engineering 14. Citation & Attribution When referencing this release, cite the Zenodo Version 1.0 record and DOI together with the relevant technical volume where appropriate. Mazumdar, B. (2026). EQUILIBRIUM OS™ — AI Infrastructure & Critical-Systems Equilibrium Platform, Version 1.0. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18442845 15. Publication Statement EQUILIBRIUM OS™ Version 1.0 is released as a structured public technical architecture for research, technical evaluation, scholarly discussion, and future controlled implementation work. Its central objective is to provide an auditable architecture in which infrastructure state, uncertainty, resource coupling, forecasting, optimization, cybersecurity, critical-service continuity, governance constraints, verification, and recovery can be represented within a single coherent decision-support framework. The release deliberately preserves the distinction between technical specification, mathematical modelling, computational testing, empirical evidence, institutional authority, and legal status. This distinction is fundamental to the interpretation, evaluation, and responsible future development of the platform.

Mazkur maqolada zamonaviy ta'lim tizimida axborot-ta'lim resurslaridan (ATR) foydalanishning ta'lim samaradorligini oshirishdagi o'rni va pedagogik imkoniyatlari tadqiq etilgan. Raqamli platformalar, …

Mazkur maqolada zamonaviy ta'lim tizimida axborot-ta'lim resurslaridan (ATR) foydalanishning ta'lim samaradorligini oshirishdagi o'rni va pedagogik imkoniyatlari tadqiq etilgan. Raqamli platformalar, interaktiv simulyatsiyalar hamda multimedia kontentlaridan foydalanishning ta'lim oluvchilarning bilimlarni o'zlashtirish darajasi, o'quv faolligi va mustaqil ta'lim olish ko'nikmalariga ta'siri tahlil qilingan. Tadqiqot jarayonida empirik tajriba-sinov usuli hamda statistik tahlil yondashuvlaridan foydalanilgan. Olingan natijalar axborot-ta'lim resurslarini o'quv jarayoniga maqsadli va tizimli integratsiya qilish ta'lim oluvchilarning o'zlashtirish ko'rsatkichlarini oshirish, o'quv materiallarini samarali o'zlashtirish hamda mustaqil ta'lim faoliyatini rivojlantirishga xizmat qilishini ko'rsatgan.

Tail probability and expected shortfall of a quadratic form in a multivariate generalized hyperbolic vector.

Maqolada O'zbekiston Respublikasida ta'lim tizimini modernizatsiya qilish, xususan, maktabgacha ta'lim sifatini oshirish davlat siyosatining ustuvor yo'nalishlaridan biri ekanligi yoritilgan. Yangi O'…

Maqolada O'zbekiston Respublikasida ta'lim tizimini modernizatsiya qilish, xususan, maktabgacha ta'lim sifatini oshirish davlat siyosatining ustuvor yo'nalishlaridan biri ekanligi yoritilgan. Yangi O'zbekistonni barpo etish sharoitida bo'lajak tarbiyachilarning kasbiy-pedagogik madaniyatini rivojlantirish dolzarb ilmiy-amaliy muammo sifatida tahlil qilinadi. Muallif kasbiy-pedagogik madaniyatning nazariy asoslari, uning tarkibiy qismlari hamda rivojlantirish texnologiyasini uch bosqichda (motivatsion-yo'naltiruvchi, faoliyatli-amaliy, reflektiv-tahliliy) amalga oshirish modelini taklif etadi. Oliy ta'lim muassasasida xalqaro standartlar va milliy an'analar uyg'unligida kadrlar tayyorlashning asosiy vazifalari belgilangan.

AbstractThis study uses the theatre metaphor to examine The Firebird by Saikat Majumdar and Beasts of No Nation by Uzodinma Iweala, arguing that childhood trauma manifests not only within th…

AbstractThis study uses the theatre metaphor to examine The Firebird by Saikat Majumdar and Beasts of No Nation by Uzodinma Iweala, arguing that childhood trauma manifests not only within the body or mind but is actively performed. Ori and Agu, the young boy protagonists, are trapped in violent and ethically complicated situations and forced into roles they never wanted. They are not only victims and witnesses but also become perpetrators, unable to distinguish between performance and self. Building on Judith Butler’s idea of performativity, this paper suggests that trauma, like gender, becomes a repeated performance shaping identity. Adult expectations, social conventions, and institutions centred on violence, morality, and masculinity influence both boys. Every space, the family home, theatre, or battlefield, becomes a performance arena. By calling the chapters “acts,” the paper highlights how their lives are structured as performances where trauma is endlessly staged. Identity becomes a fragile mask shaped by imposed scripts. Trauma is thus read as an active, staged struggle rather than a passive experience.Keywords: Childhood Trauma; Forced Roles; Performativity; Theatre of Compulsion.

Ushbu maqolada ingliz tilini o'qitishning zamonaviy paradigmalarida kompetensiyaga asoslangan ta'lim (Competency-Based Education – CBE) yondashuvining o'rni va tatbiq etilishi tahlil qilinadi. Diqqat …

Ushbu maqolada ingliz tilini o'qitishning zamonaviy paradigmalarida kompetensiyaga asoslangan ta'lim (Competency-Based Education – CBE) yondashuvining o'rni va tatbiq etilishi tahlil qilinadi. Diqqat markazini an'anaviy ta'lim modellaridan o'lchanadigan amaliy natijalarga yo'naltirgan holda, CBE o'quvchilarning grammatik, leksik va fonologik bilimlarni real kommunikativ muhitda qo'llay olish qobiliyatiga ustuvorlik beradi. Maqolada CBEning asosiy tamoyillari – natijaga yo'naltirilganlik, o'quvchi mustaqilligi, integratsiyalashgan nutq ko'nikmalari va CEFR kabi xalqaro standartlarga moslik masalalari ko'rib chiqiladi. O'qituvchi rolini o'zgartirish va shaffof baholash mezonlarini ishlab chiqish masalalari yoritiladi.

This article examines the main word-formation methods of phytonyms used in the works of the Karakalpak poet I. Yusupov. The structural and semantic analysis shows that plant names are mainly formed th…

This article examines the main word-formation methods of phytonyms used in the works of the Karakalpak poet I. Yusupov. The structural and semantic analysis shows that plant names are mainly formed through affixation, compounding, and lexical-semantic derivation. Particular attention is paid to the morphological structure of derived phytonyms, the nominative features of compound plant names, and semantic changes through which existing lexical units acquire phytonymic meanings. The analysis demonstrates that compounding and affixation are relatively productive methods, while lexical-semantic derivation occurs less frequently. The study also reveals the close relationship between the formation of phytonyms, the lexical resources of the Karakalpak language, and traditional perceptions of the natural environment.