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Fe-bearing clay minerals contain structural iron that canbe redox-active and can participate in electron transfer reactions withaqueous species. Although these redox properties have been studiedextens…

Fe-bearing clay minerals contain structural iron that canbe redox-active and can participate in electron transfer reactions withaqueous species. Although these redox properties have been studiedextensively in the past decade, questions remain about the respectiveroles of kinetic and thermodynamic constraints in establishing steadystateredox conditions. In this study, the reduction kinetics of aqueousCr(VI) to Cr(III) by Fe(II) contained in the structure of reducedferruginous clay samples (reference Nontronite NAu-1) wasmonitored with quick-XAS (X-ray absorption spectroscopy). Thesemeasurements revealed the occurrence of at least two reactionprocesses with contrasting fast and slow kinetic rates. According tomass and electron balance calculations, Fe(II) located at the edge ofthe clay mineral particles alone cannot account for the fast reactivity ofthe samples, pointing out the presence of electron transfer from theinner part of the clay mineral layer structure to the reactive sites. The Fe(II)/Fe(III) ratio in the clay structure quickly reached asteady state after each Cr(VI) addition to the solution. These steady-state conditions were consistent with either a completedepletion of the Cr(VI) reactant for the first spikes of Cr(VI) or a thermodynamic equilibrium between the redox couples, i.e.,between structural Fe(III)/Fe(II) and aqueous Cr(VI)/Cr(III), after the pool of fast-reacting Fe(II) was depleted. These resultshighlight the need to consider kinetic and thermodynamic controls of clay structural iron redox reactivity to predict the fate of redoxsensitivecontaminants in the environment.

This study examined the contribution of heads of schools' ethical modelling on promoting students' compliance with school rules and regulations in private secondary schools in Morogoro Municipality, T…

This study examined the contribution of heads of schools' ethical modelling on promoting students' compliance with school rules and regulations in private secondary schools in Morogoro Municipality, Tanzania. More specifically, the present study investigated the relationship between the ethical practice of the leadership and discipline and the responsible behaviour of the students through the following focus areas: hard work, punctuality, fairness, respectful discipline and promotion of moral values. The Convergent research design under the Mixed Methods Research Approach study was based on the Instructional Leadership Theory. Surveys and data analysis were conducted for the data collection process. The data collected by survey questionnaires were analysed quantitatively with descriptive statistics. Meanwhile, data obtained through semi-structured interviews and documentary sources were analysed with thematic analysis. Results indicated that ethical modelling has a positive contribution to students' willingness to abide by school rules and regulations. The study found that leaders and staff set an example which consistently emphasised hard work, punctuality, fairness, professionalism and respect, leading students to develop self-discipline, responsibility and positive attitudes towards school rules. Teaching in guidance and counselling programmes, moral education activities and fair disciplinary practices helped to further reinforce students' responsible behaviours and trust in school leaders. Ethical values were also found to be included in the schools' policies, guidance and counselling programmes, staff meetings, and disciplinary procedures, as evidenced by documentary records. The study concluded that modelling is an effective instructional leadership technique in fostering students' discipline, and it is recommended that school leaders consistently model ethical behaviour, enhance their moral education and counselling programmes, and treat everyone fairly and with respect when enforcing school rules.

The source code for our CCS 2026 paper: No One Cares About Privacy But You: Understanding Data Deletion Practices in the App-in-App Ecosystem.

The study examined the correlate between glycemic parameters (FPG, HBA1C, and INSULIN) and anthropometric parameters (BMI, WC, WHR, WHTR, BRI, AND VAI) among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. In…

The study examined the correlate between glycemic parameters (FPG, HBA1C, and INSULIN) and anthropometric parameters (BMI, WC, WHR, WHTR, BRI, AND VAI) among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. In carrying out this study comparative cross-sectional study was adopted. The study population consisted of one hundred (100) diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients and one hundred (100) apparently healthy, age- and sex-matched non-diabetic individuals who served as controls. All participants were aged between 30 and 70 years. Ten (10) mL of venous blood samples were collected from each participant after overnight fast using standard aseptic procedures and distributed into appropriate tubes for the determination of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin, lipid profile, and oxidative stress markers. Serum and plasma were prepared by centrifugation at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes, while whole blood was used for selected analyses. The samples were analyzed using standard laboratory methods. Data obtained were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0. The results revealed that fasting plasma glucose (FPG) had significant negative correlations with body mass index (BMI) (r = −0.216, p = 0.031) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) (r = −0.205, p = 0.041), while a significant positive correlation was observed between FPG and body roundness index (BRI) (r = 0.211, p = 0.035) among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The study concluded that the observed relationships between glycaemic and anthropometric parameters indicate an association between glycaemic status and measures of body size and fat distribution among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. One of the recommendations made was that patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus should undergo regular assessment of FPG, HbA1c, and appropriate anthropometric parameters to facilitate effective monitoring of glycemic and metabolic status.

Brief overview over parliamentary system and participation in the European Semester (state of play March 2026).

Full Changelog: https://github.com/jp-textbook/jp-textbook.github.io/compare/v31.0...v31.1

Аннотация. Тезисда умумий ўрта таълим мактабларининг 7-9-синф ўқувчиларини касбга йўналтириш бошқарувидаги 5 та асосий илмий муамм…

Аннотация. Тезисда умумий ўрта таълим мактабларининг 7-9-синф ўқувчиларини касбга йўналтириш бошқарувидаги 5 та асосий илмий муаммо ва уларнинг ISO-21001 халқаро сифат менежменти стандарти тамойиллари асосидаги ечимлари келтирилган. Ҳар бир муаммо аниқ таҳлил қилиниб, унга мос ISO-21001 тамойили ва амалий ечим механизми таклиф этилган. Тадқиқот натижалари Тошкент шаҳри, Сирдарё ва Андижон вилоятларидаги 6 та мактабда, 384 нафар респондент иштирокида ўтказилган тажриба-синов ишлари асосида тасдиқланган.

Many objects that mathematics uses to solve a problem do not belong to the setting in which the problem is posed: imaginary numbers are not real, infinitesimals are not real numbers, roots of an irred…

Many objects that mathematics uses to solve a problem do not belong to the setting in which the problem is posed: imaginary numbers are not real, infinitesimals are not real numbers, roots of an irreducible polynomial need not lie in the base field, and a cohomology class is not a function on vertices. Yet the calculations end with answers in the original setting. We make this pattern precise. A lower problem fixes what its own candidates can try and which answers it accepts; a promoted layer supplies a hidden structure with no lower counterpart and a selected expression that returns an accepted answer under explicit checks. We bundle these data into a Strict Audited Utility certificate and prove that it licenses the returned answer but not the hidden structure as a lower object, and that concluding usefulness also requires the judging instrument’s permission.For root problems, non-descent is forced: if a lower operation F has no k-th root among the lower operations, and a promoted operation G, observed through a surjective map q, satisfies q ∘ Gkm = F ∘ q, then G has no lower counterpart through q; examples show that the hypotheses are needed. In an accepted computation modelled as a finite dependency graph, hidden content on which the answer depends must cross back to the lower layer at a checked boundary, and the rest can be replayed from lower data under explicit conditions; but an audit can make a hidden step essential even though the step descends, so essential use alone does not force non-descent.Complex numbers, dual numbers, Galois roots, and graph cohomology are worked out exactly, including the four-phase model of a hidden square root of reversal, polynomial first jets, the field ℚ(√2) with trace 0, norm −2 and orbit polynomial t2 − 2, and the triangle datum (1, 0, 0); they carry four distinct labels in a declared grammar of return constructors, and a shared shape transfers obligations, not evidence. The headline results are verified in Lean 4; source, Lean code, and reproducibility scripts are at https://github.com/ioannist/six-birds-math-usefulness.Version 2 replaces the general trace-necessity, normal-form, canonical-minimality, and six-role statements of version 1 by the results above, records the stronger statements as open problems with counterexamples to their unrestricted forms, and corrects several definitions; Appendix F of the paper lists the changes.

The article substantiates the pedagogical role of the theory of knowledge and modern epistemological approaches in shaping a culture of social media use. An integrative analysis was carried out of Uzb…

The article substantiates the pedagogical role of the theory of knowledge and modern epistemological approaches in shaping a culture of social media use. An integrative analysis was carried out of Uzbekistan’s regulatory and legal documents, the philosophical and pedagogical views of Uzbek scholars, and foreign research on classical and social epistemology, epistemic cognition, epistemic vigilance, source credibility, algorithmic mediation, and epistemic injustice. As a result, a model is proposed that combines the steps required for accepting a social media claim as knowledge: clarifying the purpose, verifying the source’s authority, assessing evidence and justification, comparing with independent sources, understanding the algorithmic environment, seeking counterviews and limitations, and epistemic responsibility and reflection. The “MANTIQ” algorithm — author, original source, publication and context, comparison, proof, counterview — was systematized as a practical verification tool. Epistemic humility, confidence proportional to the evidence, fair assessment of testimony, and verification of AI output were defined as cross-cutting requirements of social media culture. The model ensures the student’s transition from accepting popular content as knowledge to evidence-based, reflective, and ethical knowledge creation.