Our Work

The European Union combines unusually extensive formal protections for personal data with a digital economy in which commercial tracking, profiling, data brokerage and automated inference remain wides…

The European Union combines unusually extensive formal protections for personal data with a digital economy in which commercial tracking, profiling, data brokerage and automated inference remain widespread. This paper examines why the existence of strong privacy law does not necessarily produce the disappearance of large-scale commercial data collection. The analysis focuses on three interacting mechanisms: limits on supervisory capacity, the practical difficulty of meaningful choice within complex digital data ecosystems, and the secondary operational value that commercially generated datasets may possess for public authorities. Drawing upon evidence from the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA), the European Commission, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB), Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) jurisprudence, and contemporary reporting on commercially sourced intelligence, the paper argues that persistent corporate tracking can coexist with strong legal protections without requiring assumptions of deliberate regulatory collusion. The paper develops an institutional explanation in which economic incentives, fragmented responsibility, finite supervisory resources, complex commercial data supply chains, and secondary public-sector utility collectively contribute to the persistence of large-scale data collection. The resulting gap between formal privacy protection and practical control is examined as an institutional phenomenon rather than a conspiratorial one. The study concludes that strong privacy law and extensive commercial data tracking are not necessarily contradictory. Instead, they reflect the interaction of legal frameworks, market structures, technological complexity, institutional capacity, and the continuing value of personal data within both commercial and public-sector contexts. This paper will form part of our policy proposal for 2029/31 elections  

Source code accompanying the manuscript "Decoding carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous regimes across large-sample of rivers with low-frequency observations using explainable AI" by F. A. Saavedra, R. Mer…

Source code accompanying the manuscript "Decoding carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous regimes across large-sample of rivers with low-frequency observations using explainable AI" by F. A. Saavedra, R. Merz, T. V. Nguyen, R. Loritz, C. Siebert, R. Kumar and P. Ebeling, submitted to Journal of Hydrology. The repository contains the scripts used for data preparation, model training (LSTM) and the explainable-AI analysis of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus concentration regimes across a large sample of rivers with low-frequency observations. Corresponding author: Felipe Saavedra (felipe.saavedra@ufz.de).

Hotspots dataset - abbreviated metadata below. Full metadata can be found in metadata.json. A note on uncertainty: Uncertainty here has been shown on a relative scale per taxa. As such, an a…

Hotspots dataset - abbreviated metadata below. Full metadata can be found in metadata.json. A note on uncertainty: Uncertainty here has been shown on a relative scale per taxa. As such, an area of high uncertainty for birds (a taxa for which we have lots of data) may be substantially less uncertain than a similar area for insects (for which we have comparatively little data).   taxa birds vascularPlants insects startDate 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 endDate 2026-09-21 2026-06-06 2026-05-21 # species used 196 1385 3230 region Mainland Norway Mainland Norway Mainland Norway DOI https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.2vaw9y https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.2vaw9y https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.2vaw9y  

Contents of the English Section Order Title Author Page Number 1 The Concept of Wisdom (Ḥikmah) and its Connection to Art in the Ontological, Philosophical, and Epistemological Foundat…

Contents of the English Section Order Title Author Page Number 1 The Concept of Wisdom (Ḥikmah) and its Connection to Art in the Ontological, Philosophical, and Epistemological Foundations of Islamic Art Seyed Morteza Moossavi 1 2 Green Diplomacy and Eco-Architecture: International Political Dimensions of Sustainable Urban Design Mahnoushsadat Moossavi 11   فهرست بخش فارسی ترتیب عنوان نویسنده شماره ی صفحه 3 معماری عامیانه سید مرتضی موسوی 33 4 تأثیر نورپردازی گذرها براحساس امنیت ساکنین مناطق بافت فرسوده تهران (نمونه موردی منطقه 17) عاطفه بیات محسن امیرسرداری 62 5 فرم ها و اشکال هندسی در روانشناسی محیط فاطمه علی مهدی 81 6 مقایسه ی معماری محله‌های فقیرنشین در سراسر جهان کاویا جین (Kavya Jain) مترجم: پایا بوم 98  

Simulation code and trained models for A-TIM, a 5G network-assisted train integrity monitoring framework using distributed smartphone radio measurements and CNN/LSTM autoencoders. Includes TDL railway…

Simulation code and trained models for A-TIM, a 5G network-assisted train integrity monitoring framework using distributed smartphone radio measurements and CNN/LSTM autoencoders. Includes TDL railway channel trace generation, training and evaluation scripts for wagon detachment detection.

This is the POS version used in Open Targets 26.09 release. What's Changed encore schema by @remo87 in https://github.com/opentargets/pos/pull/132 Add trialSponsor field by @chararchter in https://gi…

This is the POS version used in Open Targets 26.09 release. What's Changed encore schema by @remo87 in https://github.com/opentargets/pos/pull/132 Add trialSponsor field by @chararchter in https://github.com/opentargets/pos/pull/134 Remove hasTEP in target_prioritisation by @chararchter in https://github.com/opentargets/pos/pull/135 Update interaction and interaction_evidence schema by @jdhayhurst in https://github.com/opentargets/pos/pull/137 Rename id to targetId in target_essentiality and unnest the Tuple geneEssentiality by @chararchter in https://github.com/opentargets/pos/pull/136 updated targets and clinical_reports schema by @jdhayhurst in https://github.com/opentargets/pos/pull/138 updated clickhouse version by @jdhayhurst in https://github.com/opentargets/pos/pull/139 New Contributors @chararchter made their first contribution in https://github.com/opentargets/pos/pull/134 Full Changelog: https://github.com/opentargets/pos/compare/v26.6.0...v26.9.0

In this work, we introduce a laser-assisted approach to synthesize reduced graphene oxide/bismuth oxide (III) (rGO/Bi2O3) nanocomposites through a single-step CO2 laser photothermal process. While rGO…

In this work, we introduce a laser-assisted approach to synthesize reduced graphene oxide/bismuth oxide (III) (rGO/Bi2O3) nanocomposites through a single-step CO2 laser photothermal process. While rGO/Bi2O3 composites have been previously reported, to the best of our knowledge, this work represents the first demonstration of their formation via a single-step CO2 laser-assisted photothermal process, enabling direct integration into flexible electrodes. This method simultaneously reduces graphene oxide to conductive rGO and decomposes bismuth nitrate into Bi2O3 nanoplatelets, which self-assemble homogeneously within the carbon matrix. The resulting hybrid exhibits an interconnected architecture that promotes electron transport and provides abundant active sites for metal ion adsorption and redox activity. Morphological and spectroscopic analyses confirm the uniform integration of Bi2O3 within the rGO network, while electrochemical measurements reveal excellent stripping voltammetric performance toward Pb(II), Cd(II), and Cu(II), characterized by linear responses with high correlation coefficients and estimated detection limits of 5.3 ppb for Pb(II), 11.6 ppb for Cd(II), and 1.6 ppb for Cu(II). Beyond its analytical sensitivity, the simplicity and reproducibility of this fabrication strategy demonstrate a path toward large-scale, low-cost, and environmentally friendly sensor production. This work establishes laser-engineered rGO/Bi2O3 electrodes as promising platforms for on-site water quality monitoring and next-generation portable electrochemical devices.

This research aimed to study the factors affecting consumers’ purchasing decisions toward bakery products at Pangpang 85 Degrees Bakery in Nonthaburi Province. The main factors examined in the s…

This research aimed to study the factors affecting consumers’ purchasing decisions toward bakery products at Pangpang 85 Degrees Bakery in Nonthaburi Province. The main factors examined in the study were the marketing mix, service quality, and brand image. A quantitative research method was employed, and data were collected from 400 consumers who had purchased bakery products from the bakery. The research instrument was a questionnaire, and the data were analysed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and multiple regression analysis. The findings showed that most respondents were female, aged between 21 and 30 years old, held a bachelor’s degree, worked as company employees or wage workers, and had a monthly personal income between 10,001 and 20,000 baht. The overall opinion toward the marketing mix was at the highest level, while service quality and brand image were rated at high levels. Consumers’ purchasing decisions toward bakery products were also at the highest level. The results of hypothesis testing revealed that the marketing mix, service quality, and brand image significantly affected consumers’ purchasing decisions at the 0.05 significance level. Among these factors, service quality had the strongest influence, followed by the marketing mix and brand image. The study concluded that consumers’ purchasing decisions toward bakery products were influenced by both product-related and experience-related factors. Therefore, Pangpang 85 Degrees Bakery should focus on improving service quality, maintaining product standards, setting suitable prices, providing convenient access, using effective promotional activities, and strengthening brand image. These strategies may help increase customer satisfaction, encourage repeat purchases, and improve competitiveness in the bakery market.