Our Work

Maqolada oʻzbek tilini xorijiy til sifatida oʻqitishda autentik materiallarning oʻrni haqida soʻz yuritilgan. Oʻzbek tilini xorijiy til sifatida oʻqitishning dolzarb masalalari, bugungacha ishlab chiq…

Maqolada oʻzbek tilini xorijiy til sifatida oʻqitishda autentik materiallarning oʻrni haqida soʻz yuritilgan. Oʻzbek tilini xorijiy til sifatida oʻqitishning dolzarb masalalari, bugungacha ishlab chiqilgan oʻquv qoʻllanmalar va darsliklar mazmuni qamrab olingan. Oʻzbek tilini xorijiy til sifatida oʻqitishda autentik materiallarning ahamiyati, ularning turlari hamda farqlanishi, autentik materiallarning berilish uslublari va ular asosida tuzilgan topshiriqlar, darsliklardagi autentik materiallarning tahlili berilgan. 

Mazkur maqolada ekvivalentsiz leksikaning lingvistik va lingvomadaniy xususiyatlari hamda uni chet tilini o'qitish jarayonida o'rgatishning zamonaviy yondashuvlari tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqotning maqsad…

Mazkur maqolada ekvivalentsiz leksikaning lingvistik va lingvomadaniy xususiyatlari hamda uni chet tilini o'qitish jarayonida o'rgatishning zamonaviy yondashuvlari tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqotning maqsadi ekvivalentsiz leksikani o'qitishda kommunikativ, kontekstual, vizual, loyihaviy va semantik tahlil usullarining didaktik imkoniyatlarini yoritishdan iborat. Tadqiqotda lingvokulturologik yondashuv, qiyosiy tahlil va zamonaviy raqamli vositalardan foydalanish imkoniyatlari ko'rib chiqiladi. Tahlil natijasida ekvivalentsiz leksikani madaniy kontekst, real kommunikativ vaziyat va multimedia vositalari asosida o'qitish o'quvchilarning leksik hamda madaniyatlararo kommunikativ kompetensiyasini rivojlantirishga ko'maklashishi asoslandi. Maqolada ekvivalentsiz leksikani o'qitishni takomillashtirish bo'yicha amaliy tavsiyalar ham berilgan.

Annotatsiya. Maqolada o‘smirlarda axborot bosimi va internetga qaramlikning kognitiv, emotsional hamda xulqiy ko‘rinishlari tahlil qilinadi. Kognitiv ortiqcha yuklama, diqqatning parchalan…

Annotatsiya. Maqolada o‘smirlarda axborot bosimi va internetga qaramlikning kognitiv, emotsional hamda xulqiy ko‘rinishlari tahlil qilinadi. Kognitiv ortiqcha yuklama, diqqatning parchalanishi, impulsiv qaror, ijtimoiy izolyatsiya va o‘z-o‘zini baholash pasayishining o‘zaro aloqasi yoritilgan. Hududiy empirik ko‘rsatkichlar asosida internet va ijtimoiy tarmoqlarga moyillikning xususiyatlari tavsiflanadi. Raqamli gigiyena, media savodxonlik, oilaviy nazorat, psixologik maslahat va mazmunli bo‘sh vaqtga tayangan kompleks profilaktika yo‘nalishlari asoslanadi.

This white paper explores the evolving meaning and practice of online privacy at a time when data extraction structures both corporate power and state governance. Moving beyond narrow legal and techni…

This white paper explores the evolving meaning and practice of online privacy at a time when data extraction structures both corporate power and state governance. Moving beyond narrow legal and technical framings, it foregrounds the role of civil society actors, grassroots movements, and creative computing communities in reimagining privacy as a collective and political concern. Through case studies spanning litigation, advocacy, librehosting, privacy-enhancing technologies, and experimental approaches to Artificial Intelligence (AI), the paper demonstrates how bottom-up initiatives open new conceptual and practical horizons for digital rights. Adopting a situated, mixed-methods design that combines desk research and selective interviews, the paper offers a comparative account of privacy governance across the EU's rights-based regime (GDPR, DSA, DMA, AI Act), the U.S. market-led model and China's state-centric model. Its case studies cover European grassroots actors such as noyb, IuRe and Digitální Svobody, DECODE, Tactical Tech, K-Monitor, Panoptykon Foundation, D3 – Defesa dos Direitos Digitais, SHARE Foundation, Državljan D, Open Rights Group, Privacy International and Wikipedia contributors. Further chapters examine ethical approaches (autonomy, informed consent, data justice, contextual integrity, and machine unlearning) and technical approaches (privacy-enhancing technologies, free/libre open source software, creative computing and tactical media) to grassroots privacy protection. By framing privacy as a commons – an infrastructure vital to both individual autonomy and democratic publicness – the paper charts pathways beyond compliance-driven regulation and closes with policy and practice recommendations for supporting 'digital sovereignty from below'. This publication is based upon work from COST Action CA21141 GRADE – Grassroots of Digital Europe (https://costgrade.eu/), supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology).

This dataset accompanies the dissertation "Enriching Data Flow Models with Expert Knowledge for Systematic Compliance Checking" (Nicolas Boltz, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 2026). It contains th…

This dataset accompanies the dissertation "Enriching Data Flow Models with Expert Knowledge for Systematic Compliance Checking" (Nicolas Boltz, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 2026). It contains the code and the evaluation artifacts of the four contributions of the thesis. C1_llm-derivation.zip contains the LLM-based derivation of data flow diagrams (DFDs) and privacy specifications, with prototype code, prompt templates, the running example, and the material, anonymized data, and analysis scripts of two user studies.C2_threat-knowledge-interface.zip contains the LINDDUN instance of the Threat Knowledge Interface, a snapshot of the extended xDECAF online editor, and the material, anonymized data, results, and scripts of the user study.C3_legal-threat-modeling.zip contains the code of the model-driven workflow for legal threat modeling, Eclipse products for Windows and Linux, the evaluation scenarios, and the scalability measurements.C4_legal-knowledge-transfer.zip contains the legal comment metamodel, the community platform, the initial GDPR comment catalog, and the example of the legal knowledge transfer.xdecaf.zip contains snapshots of the xDECAF data flow analysis framework on which the contributions build. Unpacking all ZIP files into one directory restores the folder structure. README.md maps the figures, tables, and results of the thesis to the corresponding files and describes how to reproduce them. Source code is licensed under the Eclipse Public License 2.0 (EPL-2.0). All other content is licensed under CC BY 4.0. LICENSES.md lists the license of each folder and the third-party material.

This policy brief examines how government authorities at all levels can strengthen cooperation with Citizen Observatories (COs) — participatory initiatives in which residents, community groups, …

This policy brief examines how government authorities at all levels can strengthen cooperation with Citizen Observatories (COs) — participatory initiatives in which residents, community groups, municipal staff, and researchers jointly monitor the local environment and co-create solutions. It argues that COs offer data and perspectives often unavailable through conventional monitoring, supporting policy responses to climate change, air pollution, biodiversity decline, and the urban green transition. Drawing on examples from Rotterdam, Barcelona, Kristiansand, and Athens, the brief identifies key social and technological barriers to effective cooperation — including data quality, interoperability, and inclusion — and presents good practices for addressing them. It concludes with three recommendations for policymakers: developing governance frameworks for collaboration, providing shared infrastructures and data-gathering support, and ensuring inclusive participation, including engagement with the creative sector. The brief draws on tools and practices developed through the CitiObs project.   Gold, M., Castell, N. Volten, H., Verhoeven, E., Guy Jessica, Castell, N. Heikkilä, S. 2026. Cooperation with Citizen Observatories: addressing social and technological barriers. CitiObs Policy Brief

VIII International Scientific and Practical Conference «Science and technology in the XXI century: challenges and prospects» September 22-23, 2026 Singapore. Singapore

 Plague remains a natural-focal zoonosis of international relevance because Yersinia pestis can persist for long periods within wildlife communities and periodically generate epizootic amplificat…

 Plague remains a natural-focal zoonosis of international relevance because Yersinia pestis can persist for long periods within wildlife communities and periodically generate epizootic amplification and human spillover. The objective of this study was to synthesize contemporary evidence on epidemiological and parasitological monitoring of plague in Central Asia, with emphasis on rodent population dynamics, flea and other ectoparasite indicators, landscape-defined natural foci, and integrated risk assessment. A targeted narrative review of 15 international sources published between 1997 and 2026 was performed, prioritizing long-term field studies from Kazakhstan and adjacent Central Asian ecosystems together with authoritative global reviews. The evidence indicates that risk cannot be inferred from a single indicator. Rodent abundance or burrow occupancy, flea burden and species structure, evidence of Y. pestis circulation, climate anomalies, landscape connectivity, and intensity of the human–animal interface interact nonlinearly. Long-term studies in Kazakhstan demonstrate abundance thresholds and delayed relationships between host–vector dynamics and epizootic activity, while recent surveillance reports show the continuing value of combining zoological, parasitological, molecular and GIS-based information. A tiered One Health framework is proposed in which routine ecological surveillance is intensified when concordant increases occur across host, vector and pathogen indicators. Such integration is particularly relevant for cross-border desert and steppe ecosystems of Central Asia, where natural foci remain spatially heterogeneous and environmentally sensitive.

Ushbu maqolada Oybek she’riyati tahlil etilgan. Unda Oybekning ayrim she’rlari misolida tuyg‘u va kechinma ifodasida ijodkorning o‘ziga xosligi, poetik mahorati, shoir lirik &l…

Ushbu maqolada Oybek she’riyati tahlil etilgan. Unda Oybekning ayrim she’rlari misolida tuyg‘u va kechinma ifodasida ijodkorning o‘ziga xosligi, poetik mahorati, shoir lirik “men”i tabiati haqida fikr-mulohazalar ilgari surilgan. Maqolada shoir lirikasining o‘ziga xos qirralari tadqiq etilib, muayyan umumlashmalar chiqarilgan.