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Dolzarbligi: Skelet III sinf malokkluziyasi o‘sish davridagi bemorlarda maksillyar retruziya, mandibulyar prognatizm yoki ularning kombinatsiyasi natijasida yuzaga keladigan sagittal kraniofasia…

Dolzarbligi: Skelet III sinf malokkluziyasi o‘sish davridagi bemorlarda maksillyar retruziya, mandibulyar prognatizm yoki ularning kombinatsiyasi natijasida yuzaga keladigan sagittal kraniofasial nomutanosiblik hisoblanadi. Erta ortopedik davolashning asosiy maqsadi maksillyar kompleksning oldinga yo‘naltirilgan o‘sishini rag‘batlantirish, sagittal jag‘lararo nomutanosiblikni kamaytirish hamda dental kompensatsiyani nazorat qilishdan iborat. Protraksion yuz maskasi ko‘pincha tezkor maksillyar kengaytirish (RME - Rapid Maxillary Expansion), gibrid Hyrax yoki boshqa maksillyar kengaytiruvchi apparatlar bilan majmuaviy ravishda qo‘llaniladi. Maqsad: O‘sish davridagi III sinf skelet malokkluziyasida protraksion yuz maskasi hamda maksillyar kengaytirish protokollarining qisqa, o‘rta va uzoq muddatli skelet-dental samaradorligini, dental kompensatsiya darajasini, yumshoq to‘qimalar va yuqori nafas yo‘llariga ta’sirini, shuningdek Alt-RAMEC va skelet ankoraji (anchorage) kabi zamonaviy modifikatsiyalarning klinik o‘rnini umumlashtirish hamda tizimlashtirishdan iborat. Materiallar va usullar: 2015–2026-yillarda nashr etilgan klinik tadqiqotlar, randomizatsiyalangan nazoratli tadqiqotlar (RCT), sistematik sharhlar va meta-tahlillar PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library va ilmiy bibliografik manbalar orqali strukturallashgan tartibda izlandi. Scopus va Web of Science bazalari uchun oldindan belgilangan qidiruv strategiyalari tayyorlandi, biroq ushbu bazalarning abonentlik shartlariga bog‘liq to‘liq eksport imkoniyati mavjud bo‘lmagani sababli ularning aniq natijalar soni ko‘rsatilmadi. Identifikatsiya, skrining, muvofiqlikni baholash va dalillarni sintez qilish jarayonlarini tavsiflashda PRISMA 2020 tamoyillari qo‘llanildi. Asosiy natijaviy ko‘rsatkichlar sifatiga SNA, SNB, ANB burchaklari, Wits ko‘rsatkichi, overjet va overbite kiritildi; qo‘shimcha ko‘rsatkichlar esa tishlarning ogʻishi, yumshoq to‘qima parametrlari, nafas yo‘llari o‘lchamlari, bemorlarning apparatni taqish tartibiga rioya qilishi, nojo‘ya ta’sirlar va uzoq muddatli barqarorlikdan iborat bo‘ldi. Natijalar: Mavjud ilmiy dalillar yuz maskasi terapiyasi o‘sish davridagi III sinf bemorlarda qisqa muddatli davrda sezilarli sagittal skelet va dental korreksiyani ta’minlashini ko‘rsatadi. Cochrane sistematik sharhida 29 ta RCT va 1169 nafar bola tahlil qilingan bo‘lib, konservativ ortodontik davolash usullari davolanmagan nazorat guruhiga nisbatan overjet va ANB ko‘rsatkichlari bo‘yicha sezilarli ijobiy siljish bergan [1]. Yuz maskasining asosiy skelet samarasi SNA burchagining ortishi va SNB burchagining kamayishi bilan namoyon bo‘ladi [2, 3]. RME + yuz maskasi kombinatsiyasi keng amaliyotda qo‘llansada, RME qo‘shilishining barcha bemorlarda qo‘shimcha sagittal skelet samarasi bir xil emasligi aniqlangan [1, 4]. Uzoq muddatli meta-tahlillarda 3 yildan keyin yuqori jag‘ning sagittal protraksion ta’siri pasayishi mumkinligi qayd etilgan [5, 6]. Shu bilan birga, ayrim uzoq muddatli klinik kuzatuvlarda erishilgan davolash natijalarining muayyan qismi saqlanib qolgani kuzatilgan [7, 8]. Alt-RAMEC protokoli an’anaviy RMEga nisbatan ayrim statistik afzalliklarni namoyon etgan bo‘lsada, 2026-yilgi yangi meta-tahlil ushbu farqning klinik ahamiyati cheklanganligini ko‘rsatdi [9]. Yumshoq to‘qimalar va nafas yo‘llari bo‘yicha o‘tkazilgan so‘nggi tadqiqotlar qo‘shimcha funksional va estetik yaxshilanishlar mavjudligini tasdiqlaydi [10, 11]. Xulosa: Protraksion yuz maskasi o‘sish davridagi, ayniqsa maksillyar retruziya ustun bo‘lgan III sinf skelet malokkluziyasida yuqori samaradorlikka ega erta ortopedik davolash usulidir. RME yoki boshqa kengaytiruvchi apparatlarni qo‘llash transversal yetishmovchilik mavjud bo‘lganda klinik jihatdan to‘la asoslanadi, biroq ularni yuz maskasining universal kuchaytiruvchisi sifatida talqin qilish to‘g‘ri emas. Alt-RAMEC protokolining an’anaviy RMEga nisbatan qo‘shimcha afzalligi bo‘lishi mumkin, ammo uning klinik jihatdan keskin ustunligi hali qat’iy isbotlanmagan. Uzoq muddatli natijalar pastki jag‘ning (mandibula) o‘sish sur’ati, skelet yetilishi (skeletal maturation), boshlang‘ich fenotip, komplayens va retensiya rejimiga doir omillarga bevosita bog‘liqdir.

The ZERO project (citiZen-centric Energy gRid Optimization) addresses the socio-technical challenges that come with the municipality of Arnhem's transition toward a renewable energy system. ZERO respo…

The ZERO project (citiZen-centric Energy gRid Optimization) addresses the socio-technical challenges that come with the municipality of Arnhem's transition toward a renewable energy system. ZERO responds to this with a citizen-centric, bottom-up approach. Instead of treating grid optimisation as a purely technical problem, the project works with residents to co-develop an Urban Energy Covenant (UEC), a shared, collectively designed agreement on how the neighbourhood manages its energy use.  Central to this approach is a thorough, anthropological understanding of the neighbourhood itself, its residents' motivations, routines, and everyday relationship to energy, before any technical or behavioural intervention is designed. The aim of this visual report is to centre residents’ livelihoods. It is based on over 50 qualitative interviews. These insights are essential for understanding and recognizing existing dynamics and relationships around energy sharing before designing interventions in the neighbourhood.

Akershus Cardiac Examination (ACE) 5 Study: Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial of Lung Cancer Screening Plus Program to Improve Cardiovascular Risk Profile and Health in Individuals With Heavy Smok…

Akershus Cardiac Examination (ACE) 5 Study: Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial of Lung Cancer Screening Plus Program to Improve Cardiovascular Risk Profile and Health in Individuals With Heavy Smoking History Individuals with extensive smoking history have 2- to 3-fold increased risk of dying prematurely compared to age- and gender-matched peers. Historical data indicate that 55% of heavy smokers will die from cardiovascular disease (CVD), while approximately 5% will die from lung cancer. Lung cancer screening programs are currently being implemented worldwide, but efforts to reduce also CVD are not included. The research group behind the ACE 5 Study are affiliated with the study team behind the implementation study of lung cancer screening in Norway ("Tidlig oppdagelse av lungekreft [TIDL]"). The TIDL Study have performed non-contrast, non-cardiac chest CT-based screening for lung cancer in 1000 individuals. Prior studies have demonstrated that a visual four-group classification of coronary artery calcification using non-contrast, non-cardiac chest CT images provide an easily available, non-invasive surrogate index for subclinical and established chronic coronary syndrome. Accordingly, the 2024 European Society of Cardiology guidelines for chronic coronary syndrome promotes that opportunistic screening for atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) should be performed when non-contrast, non-cardiac chest CT images are available ("IIa recommendation"). The investigators will now invite TIDL participants for a second study, the Akershus Cardiac Examination (ACE) 5 Study, which will assess whether intervention also against ASCVD ("Lung Cancer Screening Plus Program") will improve cardiovascular risk profile and cardiovascular health in individuals with heavy smoking history. The ACE 5 Study will be a separate study with separate protocol and consent as the ACE 5 Study will focus on the prevention of CVD in individuals with heavy smoking history as add-on to lung cancer screening. The ACE 5 Study will assess the combined effect of (1) non-contrast, non-cardiac chest CT images as basis for ASCVD detection, and (2) the value of a hospital-based, nurse-led follow-up program to improve cardiovascular risk profile and cardiovascular health in individuals with heavy smoking history. Whether a Lung Cancer Screening Plus Program can improve cardiovascular risk profile and indices of improved cardiovascular health compared to the current strategy/standard in individuals with heavy smoking history is currently not known. The primary endpoint relates to status for cardiovascular risk profile after 1-year follow-up, and the study will use pre-defined cutoffs for the different risk factors based on relevant European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Guidelines, especially the 2021 ESC guidelines for primary prevention and the 2024 ESC guidelines for chronic coronary syndrome.

Many political surveys rely on post-stratification, raking or related weighting adjustments to align respondents with the target population. But when respondents differ from nonrespondents on the outc…

Many political surveys rely on post-stratification, raking or related weighting adjustments to align respondents with the target population. But when respondents differ from nonrespondents on the outcome itself (nonignorable nonresponse), these adjustments can fail, introducing bias even into basic descriptives. We provide a practical method that corrects for nonignorable nonresponse by leveraging response-propensity proxies (e.g., a respondent’s rating of the interview or interviewer-coded cooperativeness) observed among respondents to extrapolate toward nonrespondents, while directly integrating observable covariates and retaining the benefits of post-stratification with known population shares. The method generalizes the variable-response-propensity framework of Peress (2010) from binary to ordinal outcomes, which are widely used to measure trust, satisfaction and policy attitudes. The resulting estimator is computed by maximum likelihood and implemented in a compact R routine that handles both ordinal and binary outcomes. Using the 2024 American National Election Study, we show that accounting for nonignorable nonresponse produces substantively meaningful shifts for life satisfaction (estimated latent correlation 𝜌 ≈0.47), while yielding only modest changes for retrospective economic evaluations (𝜌 ≈0.14), highlighting when nonignorable nonresponse substantively affects survey estimates.

Mazkur maqolada aybdorning jinoyatdan keyingi ijobiy xulq-atvorini rag‘batlantirishning jazo tayinlash jarayoniga ta’siri, uning jinoyat-huquqiy asoslari va amaliy qo‘llash mezonlari…

Mazkur maqolada aybdorning jinoyatdan keyingi ijobiy xulq-atvorini rag‘batlantirishning jazo tayinlash jarayoniga ta’siri, uning jinoyat-huquqiy asoslari va amaliy qo‘llash mezonlari tadqiq etiladi. Jinoyat sodir etgan shaxsning chin ko‘ngildan pushaymon bo‘lishi, yetkazilgan zararni qoplashi, jinoyatni ochishga ko‘maklashishi hamda jabrlanuvchi bilan yarashishga intilishi kabi holatlarning huquqiy ahamiyati tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, rag‘batlantiruvchi normalarni qo‘llashda sud ixtiyori, qonuniylik, odillik, tenglik va jazoning individuallashtirilishi o‘rtasidagi munosabat yoritiladi. Tadqiqotda normativ-huquqiy tahlil, tizimli yondashuv va qiyosiy-huquqiy tahlil usullaridan foydalaniladi. Natijada ijobiy xulq-atvorni baholash mezonlarini aniqlashtirish, sud qarorlarini asoslantirish va rag‘batlantirish mexanizmlarini izchil qo‘llashga doir takliflar ishlab chiqiladi.

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Mascope is a platform for analysing and storing high-resolution mass spectrometry data: import instrument files, process, run targeted matching, and explore results in a web application or from Python…

Mascope is a platform for analysing and storing high-resolution mass spectrometry data: import instrument files, process, run targeted matching, and explore results in a web application or from Python.

"विकसित भारत @2047" का दृष्टिकोण भारत की स्वतंत्रता की शताब्दी तक इसे एक पूर्णतः विकसित, आत्मनिर्भर एवं सामाजिक रूप से न्यायपूर्ण राष्ट्र के रूप में स्थापित करने की परिकल्पना करता है। इस दृष्टिकोण को …

"विकसित भारत @2047" का दृष्टिकोण भारत की स्वतंत्रता की शताब्दी तक इसे एक पूर्णतः विकसित, आत्मनिर्भर एवं सामाजिक रूप से न्यायपूर्ण राष्ट्र के रूप में स्थापित करने की परिकल्पना करता है। इस दृष्टिकोण को ग्रामीण स्तर पर साकार करने का केंद्रबिंदु सामुदायिक संस्थाओं विशेष रूप से स्वयं सहायता समूहों (SHGs) को महिला आर्थिक सशक्तिकरण, वित्तीय समावेशन एवं सहभागी स्थानीय शासन के वाहक के रूप में सशक्त बनाना है। दीनदयाल अंत्योदय योजना–राष्ट्रीय ग्रामीण जीविकोपार्जन मिशन (DAY NRLM) ने देशभर में करोड़ों ग्रामीण महिलाओं को SHGs, ग्राम संगठनों (VOs) एवं क्लस्टर स्तरीय संघों (CLFs) से सफलतापूर्वक जोड़ा है, परंतु राष्ट्रीय नीति की मंशा एवं ज़मीनी संस्थागत क्षमता के मध्य एक निरंतर अंतराल विद्यमान है। SHGs अक्सर पृथक आर्थिक इकाइयों के रूप में कार्य करते हैं, न कि ग्राम सभा विचार विमर्श, ग्राम पंचायत विकास योजना (GPDP) एवं सामाजिक अंकेक्षण जैसी स्थानीय शासन प्रक्रियाओं में एकीकृत सहभागी के रूप में। यह विसंगति विकसित भारत @2047 के अंतर्गत परिकल्पित समावेशी, आधार स्तरीय विकास में SHGs की परिवर्तनकारी क्षमता को सीमित करती है। यह शोध पत्र इस अंतराल को संबोधित करते हुए SHGs हेतु एक संदर्भ विशिष्ट, चरणबद्ध क्षमता निर्माण रोडमैप के निर्माण के लिए समुदाय आधारित सहभागी शोध (Community Based Participatory Research – CBPR) फ्रेमवर्क प्रस्तावित करता है, जो पंचायती राज संस्थाओं (PRIs) की संरचना से स्पष्ट रूप से संरेखित है। यह अध्ययन मध्य प्रदेश के सतना ज़िले जो विंध्य क्षेत्र में स्थित, कृषि प्रधान अर्थव्यवस्था, वन सीमा आधारित आजीविका एवं उल्लेखनीय सामाजिक आर्थिक असमानताओं से युक्त ज़िला है में स्थित है, तथा चार प्रतिनिधि गाँवों झाली, रायगांव, सोहावल एवं सिंहपुर पर केंद्रित है। इन गाँवों का चयन उद्देश्यपूर्ण रूप से सुगमता, प्रमुख आजीविका एवं SHG परिपक्वता में भिन्नता को दर्शाने हेतु किया गया, जिससे एक तुलनात्मक एवं प्रतिकृति योग्य मॉडल संभव हो सके। CBPR पद्धति के अंतर्गत, SHG सदस्यों, पंचायत प्रतिनिधियों एवं ब्लॉक स्तरीय आजीविका मिशन अधिकारियों को केवल शोध विषय नहीं, बल्कि सह अन्वेषक के रूप में स्थान दिया गया है। सहभागी ग्रामीण आकलन (PRA) उपकरणों, फोकस समूह चर्चाओं, अर्ध संरचित साक्षात्कारों एवं पुनरावृत्तिपूर्ण सह निर्माण कार्यशालाओं के माध्यम से यह अध्ययन चार क्षेत्रों में क्षमता अंतराल की पहचान करता है: वित्तीय एवं डिजिटल साक्षरता, उद्यमिता एवं मूल्य श्रृंखला कौशल, शासन सहभागिता, तथा नेतृत्व विकास। इन निष्कर्षों के आधार पर एक चार चरणीय क्षमता निर्माण रोडमैप प्रस्तावित किया गया है, जिसे 36 महीनों की अवधि में मौजूदा GPDP नियोजन चक्रों के साथ तालमेल बनाकर क्रियान्वित करने की योजना है। समुदाय सत्यापित एवं शासन संरेखित प्रक्रियाओं में क्षमता निर्माण डिज़ाइन को आधारित करते हुए, यह अध्ययन भारत के अन्य आकांक्षी ज़िलों हेतु एक प्रतिकृति योग्य प्रतिमान प्रस्तुत करता है, जो विकसित भारत @2047 के अंतर्गत परिकल्पित सहभागी, समावेशी एवं आत्मनिर्भर ग्रामीण विकास में सीधा योगदान देता है।