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Mazkur maqolada aybdorning jinoyatdan keyingi ijobiy xulq-atvorini rag‘batlantirishning jazo tayinlash jarayoniga ta’siri, uning jinoyat-huquqiy asoslari va amaliy qo‘llash mezonlari…

Mazkur maqolada aybdorning jinoyatdan keyingi ijobiy xulq-atvorini rag‘batlantirishning jazo tayinlash jarayoniga ta’siri, uning jinoyat-huquqiy asoslari va amaliy qo‘llash mezonlari tadqiq etiladi. Jinoyat sodir etgan shaxsning chin ko‘ngildan pushaymon bo‘lishi, yetkazilgan zararni qoplashi, jinoyatni ochishga ko‘maklashishi hamda jabrlanuvchi bilan yarashishga intilishi kabi holatlarning huquqiy ahamiyati tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, rag‘batlantiruvchi normalarni qo‘llashda sud ixtiyori, qonuniylik, odillik, tenglik va jazoning individuallashtirilishi o‘rtasidagi munosabat yoritiladi. Tadqiqotda normativ-huquqiy tahlil, tizimli yondashuv va qiyosiy-huquqiy tahlil usullaridan foydalaniladi. Natijada ijobiy xulq-atvorni baholash mezonlarini aniqlashtirish, sud qarorlarini asoslantirish va rag‘batlantirish mexanizmlarini izchil qo‘llashga doir takliflar ishlab chiqiladi.

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Mascope is a platform for analysing and storing high-resolution mass spectrometry data: import instrument files, process, run targeted matching, and explore results in a web application or from Python…

Mascope is a platform for analysing and storing high-resolution mass spectrometry data: import instrument files, process, run targeted matching, and explore results in a web application or from Python.

"विकसित भारत @2047" का दृष्टिकोण भारत की स्वतंत्रता की शताब्दी तक इसे एक पूर्णतः विकसित, आत्मनिर्भर एवं सामाजिक रूप से न्यायपूर्ण राष्ट्र के रूप में स्थापित करने की परिकल्पना करता है। इस दृष्टिकोण को …

"विकसित भारत @2047" का दृष्टिकोण भारत की स्वतंत्रता की शताब्दी तक इसे एक पूर्णतः विकसित, आत्मनिर्भर एवं सामाजिक रूप से न्यायपूर्ण राष्ट्र के रूप में स्थापित करने की परिकल्पना करता है। इस दृष्टिकोण को ग्रामीण स्तर पर साकार करने का केंद्रबिंदु सामुदायिक संस्थाओं विशेष रूप से स्वयं सहायता समूहों (SHGs) को महिला आर्थिक सशक्तिकरण, वित्तीय समावेशन एवं सहभागी स्थानीय शासन के वाहक के रूप में सशक्त बनाना है। दीनदयाल अंत्योदय योजना–राष्ट्रीय ग्रामीण जीविकोपार्जन मिशन (DAY NRLM) ने देशभर में करोड़ों ग्रामीण महिलाओं को SHGs, ग्राम संगठनों (VOs) एवं क्लस्टर स्तरीय संघों (CLFs) से सफलतापूर्वक जोड़ा है, परंतु राष्ट्रीय नीति की मंशा एवं ज़मीनी संस्थागत क्षमता के मध्य एक निरंतर अंतराल विद्यमान है। SHGs अक्सर पृथक आर्थिक इकाइयों के रूप में कार्य करते हैं, न कि ग्राम सभा विचार विमर्श, ग्राम पंचायत विकास योजना (GPDP) एवं सामाजिक अंकेक्षण जैसी स्थानीय शासन प्रक्रियाओं में एकीकृत सहभागी के रूप में। यह विसंगति विकसित भारत @2047 के अंतर्गत परिकल्पित समावेशी, आधार स्तरीय विकास में SHGs की परिवर्तनकारी क्षमता को सीमित करती है। यह शोध पत्र इस अंतराल को संबोधित करते हुए SHGs हेतु एक संदर्भ विशिष्ट, चरणबद्ध क्षमता निर्माण रोडमैप के निर्माण के लिए समुदाय आधारित सहभागी शोध (Community Based Participatory Research – CBPR) फ्रेमवर्क प्रस्तावित करता है, जो पंचायती राज संस्थाओं (PRIs) की संरचना से स्पष्ट रूप से संरेखित है। यह अध्ययन मध्य प्रदेश के सतना ज़िले जो विंध्य क्षेत्र में स्थित, कृषि प्रधान अर्थव्यवस्था, वन सीमा आधारित आजीविका एवं उल्लेखनीय सामाजिक आर्थिक असमानताओं से युक्त ज़िला है में स्थित है, तथा चार प्रतिनिधि गाँवों झाली, रायगांव, सोहावल एवं सिंहपुर पर केंद्रित है। इन गाँवों का चयन उद्देश्यपूर्ण रूप से सुगमता, प्रमुख आजीविका एवं SHG परिपक्वता में भिन्नता को दर्शाने हेतु किया गया, जिससे एक तुलनात्मक एवं प्रतिकृति योग्य मॉडल संभव हो सके। CBPR पद्धति के अंतर्गत, SHG सदस्यों, पंचायत प्रतिनिधियों एवं ब्लॉक स्तरीय आजीविका मिशन अधिकारियों को केवल शोध विषय नहीं, बल्कि सह अन्वेषक के रूप में स्थान दिया गया है। सहभागी ग्रामीण आकलन (PRA) उपकरणों, फोकस समूह चर्चाओं, अर्ध संरचित साक्षात्कारों एवं पुनरावृत्तिपूर्ण सह निर्माण कार्यशालाओं के माध्यम से यह अध्ययन चार क्षेत्रों में क्षमता अंतराल की पहचान करता है: वित्तीय एवं डिजिटल साक्षरता, उद्यमिता एवं मूल्य श्रृंखला कौशल, शासन सहभागिता, तथा नेतृत्व विकास। इन निष्कर्षों के आधार पर एक चार चरणीय क्षमता निर्माण रोडमैप प्रस्तावित किया गया है, जिसे 36 महीनों की अवधि में मौजूदा GPDP नियोजन चक्रों के साथ तालमेल बनाकर क्रियान्वित करने की योजना है। समुदाय सत्यापित एवं शासन संरेखित प्रक्रियाओं में क्षमता निर्माण डिज़ाइन को आधारित करते हुए, यह अध्ययन भारत के अन्य आकांक्षी ज़िलों हेतु एक प्रतिकृति योग्य प्रतिमान प्रस्तुत करता है, जो विकसित भारत @2047 के अंतर्गत परिकल्पित सहभागी, समावेशी एवं आत्मनिर्भर ग्रामीण विकास में सीधा योगदान देता है। 

Introduction. The Russian economy remains structurally imbalanced: employment in retail significantly exceeds that in manufacturing, exacerbating the labor shortage in the real sector, estimated …

Introduction. The Russian economy remains structurally imbalanced: employment in retail significantly exceeds that in manufacturing, exacerbating the labor shortage in the real sector, estimated at 3.4 million people. The purpose of this study is to clarify the regional and specific structure of retail redundancy in order to formulate targeted regulatory measures.Materials and Methods. The study's information base included data from the Federal State Statistics Service, the Federal Tax Service's Geochecki (“Geo-Receipts”) system, the Moscow Government's Open Data Portal, and statistical tax reporting. Spatial visual analysis, comparative assessment of per-employee markup indicators and hourly revenue distribution, and logical modeling of the eff ects of management decisions were used.Results. It was found that half of the excess employment in retail (approximately 1.75 million people) is concentrated in the fi ve most populous regions. Low productivity was observed among individual entrepreneurs, whose peremployee markup is fi ve times lower than that of large chains. Non-food retail efficiency was shown to be 2.5 times lower than that of grocery retail; supermarkets' peremployee markup is 3.4 times lower than that of minimarkets. Spatial analysis revealed an uneven distribution of non-food retail outlets, which are concentrated in limited locations, struggle to compete with online marketplaces, and operate inefficiently – staying open 12 hours a day, seven days a week. It was noted that 17 % of these outlets fall into overrepresented categories such as vape shops, fl ower shops, and pharmacies.Conclusion. The obtained results provide the basis for a regional policy to redistribute labor resources and optimize excess retail formats. The proposed measures, including differentiated work schedules and a targeted reduction in the concentration of non-food retail outlets, will free up to 2.8 million people without compromising the availability of goods, thereby contributing to the structural transformation of the economy and reducing labor shortages in manufacturing sectors.

The increasing use of digital networks for information exchange has created a strong need for secure communication mechanisms. Although encryption techniques protect data confidentiality, they do not …

The increasing use of digital networks for information exchange has created a strong need for secure communication mechanisms. Although encryption techniques protect data confidentiality, they do not conceal the presence of the transmitted information. To address this limitation, this work presents a hybrid framework that integrates Huffman compression, Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), and edge-based Least Significant Bit (LSB) image steganography. Initially, the secret message is compressed to reduce its size and improve storage efficiency. The compressed data is then encrypted using AES to provide confidentiality. Subsequently, the encrypted information is embedded within edge regions of a cover image using an adaptive LSB embedding strategy. Experimental evaluation demonstrates that the proposed framework achieves secure data transmission while preserving image quality. Performance analysis based on PSNR, MSE, and SSIM confirms that the hidden information can be recovered accurately with minimal visual distortion in the stego image.

Dolzarbligi. O‘tkir gerpetik stomatit bolalarda og‘iz bo‘shlig‘i shilliq qavatining keng tarqalgan virusli zararlanishlaridan biri bo‘lib, ko‘pincha isitma, holsizl…

Dolzarbligi. O‘tkir gerpetik stomatit bolalarda og‘iz bo‘shlig‘i shilliq qavatining keng tarqalgan virusli zararlanishlaridan biri bo‘lib, ko‘pincha isitma, holsizlik, diffuz gingivit, limfadenopatiya, ko‘p sonli vezikula va eroziya-yarali elementlar bilan namoyon bo‘ladi. Kasallikning klinik belgilari ayrim boshqa og‘iz shilliq qavati kasalliklariga o‘xshash bo‘lishi mumkinligi sababli to‘g‘ri differensial tashxis muhim ahamiyatga ega. Zamonaviy adabiyotlarda tipik holatlarda tashxis asosan klinik belgilar asosida qo‘yilishi, laborator tekshiruvlar esa atipik, og‘ir, immunosupressiyali yoki differensial tashxis murakkab bo‘lgan holatlarda qo‘llanishi qayd etilgan.¹⁻⁵ Maqsad. Bolalarda o‘tkir gerpetik stomatitning asosiy klinik belgilarini va zamonaviy diagnostika usullarini tahlil qilish. Material va usullar. Tahlil klinik diagnostika, differensial diagnostika, polimeraza zanjir reaksiyasi (PCR), nuklein kislotalarni amplifikatsiya qilish testlari (NAAT), sitologik, serologik va virusologik usullar, shuningdek, zamonaviy point-of-care diagnostika texnologiyalariga oid ilmiy adabiyotlar asosida amalga oshirildi. Manba korpusini shakllantirishda 9 ta qidiruv va 1 ta iqtiboslar tarmog‘i tahlili natijasida aniqlangan 3,7 milliondan ortiq ilmiy yozuvlar orasidan 818 ta tegishli ish saralangan va yakuniy tahlilga 50 ta asosiy manba kiritilgan. Bolalarda_otkir_gerpetik_stomat… Natijalar. Tipik o‘tkir gerpetik stomatitda klinik tashxis asosiy diagnostik yondashuv bo‘lib qolmoqda. Prodromal isitma va holsizlikdan keyin diffuz gingivit, shishgan va qonovchan milklar, ko‘p sonli vezikulalar hamda ularning tezda og‘riqli eroziya va yaralarga aylanishi xarakterli belgilar hisoblanadi.¹⁻⁵,¹⁴,¹⁵ Zararlanishlar til, lab, yonoq, tanglay hamda boshqa shilliq qavat sohalarini qamrab olishi mumkin.¹⁵,¹⁶ PCR/NAAT faol HSV infeksiyasini tasdiqlash zarur bo‘lgan holatlarda eng sezgir laborator usullardan biri sifatida ajralib turadi.⁹⁻¹¹ Bunda faol lezyondan olingan surtma namunasi amaliy jihatdan muhim hisoblanadi.¹⁹,²⁰ Serologik tekshiruvlar, Tzanck sitologiyasi va virusologik ekishning diagnostik imkoniyatlari cheklangan.¹¹⁻¹³ Zamonaviy LAMP, mikrofluidik va CRISPR asosidagi texnologiyalar istiqbolli bo‘lsa-da, ularning bolalardagi og‘iz bo‘shlig‘i lezyonlarida muntazam klinik qo‘llanishi uchun yetarli dalillar mavjud emas.²²,²³,²⁹ Xulosa. Bolalarda o‘tkir gerpetik stomatitni aniqlashda klinik belgilarni kompleks baholash asosiy o‘rin tutadi. PCR/NAAT tekshiruvi atipik, og‘ir yoki differensial tashxisi murakkab holatlarda klinik tashxisni tasdiqlash uchun muhim vosita hisoblanadi. Kelajakdagi tadqiqotlarda pediatrik bemorlarda turli diagnostik usullarni bir xil klinik guruhda bevosita taqqoslash zarur.

Although most autonomous discovery systems(AI-scientists) rely on a research or executionplan that is usually defined by a supervisor orcurator agent, it lacks a validation layer, or it’spresent…

Although most autonomous discovery systems(AI-scientists) rely on a research or executionplan that is usually defined by a supervisor orcurator agent, it lacks a validation layer, or it’spresented in the form of in the LLM as a judge.The long-term scientific task execution involvesmany steps that are usually unified into blocks,differ by the subject and methods, and thereforeby the data blocks. The wrong or not validatedplan can lead to resource waste. Hence, it requiresrigorous verification and logical consistency; theLLM cannot provide the proper validation as itsuffers from hallucinations, does not have expe-rience, or can be grounded to the wrong docu-ment. Moreover, this step is crucial and manda-tory when dealing with an autonomous agent thatcan access the laboratory devices, manufactur-ing electronics, large scale computational facili-ties. In this case, the verification is the guaranteeof safety. We propose a reasoning enhancementprotocol that is based on Hoare triplets and averification layer and can prove the success of theresearch plan before it is executed.

Total nitrogen (N) concentrations in plant tissues are key indicators of nutrient status, and are needed to estimate N use efficiency (NUE) and N uptake efficiency. This protocol describes the quantif…

Total nitrogen (N) concentrations in plant tissues are key indicators of nutrient status, and are needed to estimate N use efficiency (NUE) and N uptake efficiency. This protocol describes the quantification of N and phophorus (P).

Ushbu maqolada rozmarin (Salvia rosmarinus Spenn.; sinonimi Rosmarinus officinalis L.) barglaridagi asosiy polifenolik birikmalar, ularni ajratib olish va tahlil qilish usullari hamda antioksidant va …

Ushbu maqolada rozmarin (Salvia rosmarinus Spenn.; sinonimi Rosmarinus officinalis L.) barglaridagi asosiy polifenolik birikmalar, ularni ajratib olish va tahlil qilish usullari hamda antioksidant va yallig‘lanishga qarshi faolligi xalqaro ilmiy adabiyotlar asosida tahlil qilindi. Adabiy manbalarning qiyosiy tahlili rozmarin kislota, karnozik kislota va karnozolning o‘simlikning funksional xususiyatlarini belgilovchi asosiy fenolik markerlar ekanini ko‘rsatadi. Zamonaviy ultratovush yordamidagi ekstraksiya, tezlashtirilgan erituvchi ekstraksiyasi va superkritik CO2 texnologiyalari selektivlik, vaqt va ekologik samaradorlik nuqtayi nazaridan istiqbolli hisoblanadi. Shu bilan birga, biologik ta’sirlarni klinik samaradorlik bilan tenglashtirmaslik, ekstrakt tarkibi, doza va standartlashtirishni alohida hisobga olish zarur. Natijalar rozmarin polifenollaridan oziq-ovqat, farmatsevtika va funksional mahsulotlarda foydalanish uchun ilmiy asos mavjudligini, biroq standartlashtirilgan inson tadqiqotlari hali ham muhim ekanini ko‘rsatadi.