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Anonymised survey dataset (N = 134) and R analysis script supporting the Master's thesis "Digital CRM, Perceived Personalisation and User Engagement: An Exploratory Mixed-Methods Study of RaiPlay" (Sa…

Anonymised survey dataset (N = 134) and R analysis script supporting the Master's thesis "Digital CRM, Perceived Personalisation and User Engagement: An Exploratory Mixed-Methods Study of RaiPlay" (Sapienza University of Rome, 2026). The questionnaire was administered in Italian via Google Forms to young adults aged 18–35 between 26 August and 6 September 2026. The CSV file is encoded in Latin-1 (ISO-8859-1); the R script (tested with R 4.5.2 and tidyverse 2.0.0) reproduces the survey figures and tables reported in Section 4.2 of the thesis.

emgteach is an open-source Python package that provides a unified PySide6 desktop application for real-time acquisition, offline analysis and maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) normalisation of surfa…

emgteach is an open-source Python package that provides a unified PySide6 desktop application for real-time acquisition, offline analysis and maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) normalisation of surface electromyography (sEMG) signals. It is designed for hands-on biopotential acquisition in undergraduate physiology teaching laboratories, and is meant to be set up by instructors with different levels of technical background and used directly by students during a practical session.The application is hardware-agnostic through a common AcquisitionDevice interface and ships with two interchangeable low-cost backends: BITalino (revolution) over Bluetooth, and an Arduino RedBoard Plus + MyoWare 2.0 over USB serial (open firmware included). A single setting switches between them.Main features:Three-tab GUI (Acquisition, Analysis, MVC normalisation) wrapping a reusable, Qt-free analytic core.Bilingual interface (English / Spanish) with automatic start-up language detection and an in-app language switch.Two-channel acquisition (e.g. agonist/antagonist) with a stacked two-channel live view.Automatic contraction-onset detection (baseline + k·SD threshold) stored as EDF+ annotations.Muscle-load analysis (Jonsson APDF): static (P10), median (P50) and peak (P90) %MVC levels, both offline and as a live monitor with warning/danger zones.One-click PDF session and MVC/muscle-load reports.Reliable EDF+ output using a buffered-write pattern that avoids a silent file-corruption artefact during continuous streaming.Assisted selection of significant fragments, with an editable fragment editor (detection parameters and envelope-filter cut-offs) applied to the analysis.CSV export of results and a live signal-quality check during recording.Classroom mode: a read-only live dashboard served over the local network so students follow the session on their phone/tablet browser (no install), with a per-session access code so the follower link only works while the broadcast is running.Kinematics via the BITalino accelerometer (v2.0.0): a movement-versus-EMG analysis panel, a guided force-velocity acquisition wizard (an MVC maximum followed by cued quick lifts, each auto-marked with its load), and a force-velocity study that turns one recording into the load-velocity, Hill force-velocity, power and recruitment curves. Since v3.0.0 the accelerometer's input is a stated convention (muscle on A1, accelerometer on A2) rather than a selectable channel.Configuration by practical (v3.0.0): three practicals — one muscle, agonist/antagonist and muscle kinematics — fix the channel count, the accelerometer and what each tab offers, replacing the settings that were previously chosen one at a time.The session as a single file with its phases marked inside it (v3.0.0): warm-up, calibration repetitions, preparation and recording, so the maximum voluntary contraction every percentage is measured against travels with the signal, and a derived (tuned) recording carries the decisions taken on screen.Teaching layer (v3.0.0): a guided tour over the interface, contextual help on every box, one analysis row per contraction with its electromechanical delay, and an agonist/antagonist co-activation index (Falconer-Winter) computed per marked phase in %MVC.Handling at the laboratory bench (v3.1.0): the fragment editor as a three-step procedure that counts the marked contractions against the protocol and lets each be kept, dropped, split or dragged, with the detection sensitivity set per practical and recorded in the report and the CSV; a single running instance with a start-up splash; pictures of the electrode placement and the calibration in the guided tour; and a printable sheet for each station of the agonist/antagonist practical.Patch 3.1.1: the co-activation of a named window is read on the uncut recording, with each muscle's resting level taken from the whole recording phase, so choosing fragments no longer measures the antagonist against a rest taken from a signal with no rest in it.Patch 3.1.2: the calibration asks for a brief, explosive maximal jerk of each muscle's own movement (wrist flexion with the fist clenched for the forearm flexor, wrist extension with the hand open for the extensor) instead of a sustained push against something fixed, and releases carry the source only.Version 3.2.0: the MVC reference is the highest point the envelope reaches across the calibration repetitions kept (it was the highest 0.2 s running mean), and everything judged against it is measured the same way; the co-activation floor is 4.5 % of that reference; each fatigue segment's MDF is computed over the analysis band. A recording reanalysed with 3.2.0 gives % MVC figures different from those of 3.1.2.Version 3.3.0: the task maximum is read on the whole recording phase, from the start of the recording to the end of the file, whatever fragments are chosen (a maximum of the phase, not of the selection); panel 3 draws each spectrum scaled to unit area, with the MDF and the total power in the legend.Version 3.4.0: the Analysis tab's panels are numbered 1 to 12 from one table, the same in every practical, and every title says how to read its panel and names the muscle when it shows one; the two muscles' raw traces share panel 1 with an axis each; panel 8 is a path through time. Nothing computed changes.Version 3.5.0: a BITalino simulated by the application itself (the address «simulada»), which speaks the board's protocol byte for byte, so the acquisition, the calibration, the recording and the classroom broadcast can be prepared and taught where the board is not at hand; a connection diagnostic for the station, built without Qt or scipy; the event log of every recording saved beside it and a recovery for a recording whose process died before it could be closed; and the session report and the CSV export repaired, the report's table of contractions having lost four of its seven columns off the page.Version 3.6.0: the simulated board obeys the calibration — the wizard tells the device when it is asking for a maximal effort and the synthetic subject gives it, so a session rehearsed without hardware reads in % MVC as a real one does (about a half for the alternating gestures, 40 % for the grip, which co-activates) instead of above 100 % of its own maximum. Nothing computed changes.Version 3.7.0, the version the article describes: the guided session goes on into the task — four panels, each with a row of boxes that maps its phase, the free manoeuvres counted as the muscle clears a tenth of its own maximum for 0.30 s, and the grip as one hold of about eight seconds squeezing a ball — and the force-velocity study has the same map; the fragment editor proposes each row from where its contraction leaves rest to where it returns, and in the kinematics practical one row per lift the wizard marked, each load going to the lift its cue announced; the pair practical names its pair; one reference electrode, on the olecranon, and both pairs placed 5 cm from the epicondyle of their own side; the recording says it is connecting until the board answers and gives up with a warning after 20 s without holding the window.emgteach runs on Windows, macOS and Linux with Python 3.10–3.12, is covered by a suite of 1376 automated tests, and is released under the GPL-3.0-or-later license. Source code, documentation and issue tracker: https://github.com/aagisto-maker/emgteachStarted in 2025 as the author's own Python programs over open-source libraries and the boards' interfaces; brought together into a single application and developed since with the assistance of an AI coding tool (Claude Code, Anthropic) under the author's specification, review and hardware validation. See the README section "How this software was developed". The anatomical base of the electrode-placement figure and of the guided tour's pictures is an AI-generated image of two forearms, made without text or electrodes; the muscles, electrodes and labels are drawn over it by the figure script.

A README.md contained.

Higher-order thinking skills enable learners to use knowledge in unfamiliar situations. Analysis, evaluation, problem-solving and creation are increasingly important in education because real-life tas…

Higher-order thinking skills enable learners to use knowledge in unfamiliar situations. Analysis, evaluation, problem-solving and creation are increasingly important in education because real-life tasks rarely require simple recall alone. This thesis explores the pedagogical potential of combining problem-based learning and collaborative learning. Problem-based tasks provide a meaningful challenge, while collaboration allows learners to exchange perspectives, test ideas and negotiate solutions. The paper discusses a practical model consisting of problem identification, analysis, information gathering, solution generation, evaluation and reflection. It also considers questioning, scaffolding and assessment. The discussion suggests that problem-based collaborative learning can provide a useful environment for higher-order thinking when tasks are authentic, appropriately challenging and supported by clear criteria. 

Nigeria's Fourth Republic has sustained uninterrupted civilian rule since 1999, yet the persistence of electoral democracy has not necessarily translated into democratic consolidation. The completion …

Nigeria's Fourth Republic has sustained uninterrupted civilian rule since 1999, yet the persistence of electoral democracy has not necessarily translated into democratic consolidation. The completion of more than two decades of the Fourth Republic, alongside the accumulation of evidence from successive electoral cycles and developments in scholarship on Nigeria's democratic institutions, provides an opportunity to reassess how political leadership has shaped the country's democratic trajectory over time. This study examines the relationship between political leadership and the trajectory of democratic consolidation in Nigeria between 1999 and 2023, with particular attention to electoral governance, constitutionalism, institutional accountability and civil liberties. Drawing on qualitative content analysis of scholarly literature, institutional reports, policy documents and other relevant secondary sources, the study examines how the conduct and incentives of political leaders have shaped democratic institutions and practices across successive administrations. The study finds that political leadership has been an important factor in shaping the quality and direction of Nigeria's democratic development, particularly where political competition has encouraged the manipulation of institutions, weakened accountability mechanisms and undermined democratic norms. However, the study situates leadership within a broader institutional and political environment rather than treating it as an independent explanation for all democratic shortcomings. It argues that the survival of electoral government since 1999 represents institutional continuity, but that continuity should not be equated with full democratic consolidation. The study contributes to the literature by bringing political leadership, elite interests and institutional constraints into a longitudinal analysis of Nigeria's Fourth Republic and examining how their interaction has shaped the uneven trajectory of democratic consolidation between 1999 and 2023.

Abstract: According to the report of India's Second Administrative Reform Commission, which mentions a zerotolerance approach, the rule of law, increasing institutions' vitality, responsiveness, and a…

Abstract: According to the report of India's Second Administrative Reform Commission, which mentions a zerotolerance approach, the rule of law, increasing institutions' vitality, responsiveness, and accountability, decentralization, openness, civil service reforms, governance ethics, process reforms, and regular, impartial assessments of governance quality are the fundamental principles for making governance citizen-centric. Regarding the tactics, procedures, instruments, and mechanisms that can effectively make the administration more citizen-centric, the Second Administrative Reform Commission of India has investigated how governance might be made more citizen-centric. Some of these include redesigning procedures to make governance "citizen-centric," adopting appropriate modern technologies, adopting citizens' charters, ensuring the right to information, implementing independent service review, establishing grievance redressal systems, and promoting active citizen participation through public-private partnerships. Many state governments passed the Right to Services Act, an excellent way to guarantee citizen-centricity. It takes more than worker behaviour to achieve local governments' goal of providing people-centric services. It encompasses several additional elements, including the accessibility of institutions and services, the timeliness of services, the availability of service standards and procedures to verify that standards are met, and whether information about services reaches the appropriate demographic. More significantly, the degree to which the decentralized governance system meets the needs of the local community, the degree to which it is answerable to its citizens, the degree of transparency, the degree to which citizens can participate in local governance, etc., all influence how peoplecentric the system is. This paper identifies the organisational components that support successful citizen participation in local government, the behavioural factors that the administration must implement to promote citizen participation in public service delivery, and the advantages of citizen-centric public service delivery. The study's conclusions showed that the citizens are well-informed about the online system. They expressed great satisfaction with this system. However, they could be happier with the process, as implementing a new system posed several challenges. The study demonstrates the government's commitment to enhancing public service delivery through cooperative governance, public-private partnerships, and community participation, showcasing successful implementations and best practices.

Mehsaul Chowk is one of the busiest urban junctions located on Dumra Road in Sitamarhi district, Bihar. It serves as an important link between Sitamarhi town, the commercial center, and Dumra, the adm…

Mehsaul Chowk is one of the busiest urban junctions located on Dumra Road in Sitamarhi district, Bihar. It serves as an important link between Sitamarhi town, the commercial center, and Dumra, the administrative headquarters. Due to its strategic location, the junction experiences heavy movement of vehicles, pedestrians, and commercial activities throughout the day. Over the years, the area has transformed from an agricultural settlement into a major commercial and transportation hub. This research paper analyzes the existing condition of Mehsaul Chowk by studying its land use, road network, traffic movement, infrastructure, environmental conditions, and urban character. Field observations indicate that rapid urban growth has increased commercial development but has also created serious problems such as traffic congestion, roadside parking, inadequate pedestrian facilities, poor drainage, noise pollution, and lack of green spaces. The nearby Railway Level Crossing (LC-56) further increases traffic delays during peak hours. The study uses site surveys and SWOT analysis to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the junction. It also examines the impact of the ongoing Road Over Bridge (ROB) project, which is expected to improve traffic circulation and create opportunities for better public spaces. The research concludes that sustainable planning, improved infrastructure, better traffic management, and pedestrian-friendly design can transform Mehsaul Chowk into a safe, efficient, and environmentally friendly urban space while preserving its commercial importance.