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Objective This research aimed to examine the four-dimension concept of al-Wasatiyyah i.e., Aqidah (faith), Ibadah (religious duty-bound), Akhlaq (ethics) and Mu'amalat (dealings) al-Wasatiyyah as perc…

Objective This research aimed to examine the four-dimension concept of al-Wasatiyyah i.e., Aqidah (faith), Ibadah (religious duty-bound), Akhlaq (ethics) and Mu'amalat (dealings) al-Wasatiyyah as perceived by Faculty of Islamic Sciences students, Prince of Songkla University. Methodology This research used a survey approach to collecting the data of 241 respondents who were solicited to answer questionnaires. Analysis of data was based on descriptive statistics and Chi-square. Research findings The result reveals that all four dimensions of al-Wasatiyyah i.e., Aqidah, Ibadah, Akhlaq and Mu'amalat (dealings) are highly perceived. However, misunderstanding about belief in similarity of the authenticity of Islam and other religion becomes an issue. Although participation in training had no association, however, those who did not register al-Wasatiyyah course had less misperception. This study provides implications for the enhancement of student's understanding living in multicultural society based on al-Wasatiyyah approach. Contributions The organizations and personnel involved in student affairs can utilize this research as a guideline in learning the concepts and basic philosophy of the dimensions of al-Wasatiyyah that are appropriate with the context of higher education students. In so doing, the behavior of students can be adjusted match that of those students who practice Islam according with al-Wasatiyyah guidelines.Preservation copy of the original JOIS article. Original issue: Journal of Islamic Studies, Prince of Songkla University; Vol. 13 No. 1 (2022): January - June 2022; 313 - 333. Original OJS page: article record. The end of the issue period is used as the archival publication date; the original day is not specified.

Objective This article aims to use cognitive linguistic theory to examine the concept of Islam (Ислам) reflected as a metaphorical expression in the Russian language. Methodology Qualitative research …

Objective This article aims to use cognitive linguistic theory to examine the concept of Islam (Ислам) reflected as a metaphorical expression in the Russian language. Methodology Qualitative research was done with data collected from academic and non-academic publications, newspapers and other relevant texts found on the Russian National Corpus of the Institute of Russian language, Russian Academy of Sciences. Research Findings Metaphorical expressions reveal concepts such as [ISLAM IS A HUMAN BEING] [ISLAM IS AN OBJECT] [ISLAM IS A POLITICAL INSTRUMENT] [ISLAM IS A CULTURE OR CIVILIZATION] [ISLAM IS A LAW] [ISLAM IS LIFE]. These concepts cohere with the religious viewpoint that in addition to being a religion, Islam is also a multi-dimensional way of life. Islam has positive connotations, making peace and justice accessible for human society, as well as negative ones: causing societal conflict and anxiety. Contributions These findings may be used to help understand perceptions of Islam in the Russian speaking access. They may also represent a case study in the study of language and thought as well as cross-cultural communication issues.Preservation copy of the original JOIS article. Original issue: Journal of Islamic Studies, Prince of Songkla University; Vol. 13 No. 1 (2022): January - June 2022; 282 - 312. Original OJS page: article record. The end of the issue period is used as the archival publication date; the original day is not specified.

Objective 1) To present international relations (IR) from the Islamic perspective; 2) To develop an understanding and explanation of the peaceful co-living between Muslims and non-Muslims in plural so…

Objective 1) To present international relations (IR) from the Islamic perspective; 2) To develop an understanding and explanation of the peaceful co-living between Muslims and non-Muslims in plural societies and states. Methodology This study employs a qualitative approach by collecting and analyzing the secondary sources based on the interpretations of Islamic jurists (fuqaha) alongside Islamic history and the contemporary world. Research Findings The study finds that international relations in the understandings of Islamic jurists connotes the relations among humans, which covers Muslims and non-Muslims. In Islamic history, Madinah was the model of managing relations among states through wars and treaties. According to the Islamic jurists, three categories of relations were: the territory of Islam (Dar al Islam), the territory of war (Dar al-Harb), and the territory of the treaty (Dar al-Sulh). Given the contemporary global issues in which Islam and Muslims have become significant actors linked with terrorism and threats to global peace, the explanation of the Jihad concept, in terms of interpretation and practice, is relevant. Contributions This will be an academic reference for teaching and learning in politics and international relations, which has been highly influenced by the studies of interactions among the European states and society but limited in the analyses of Islamic history and contemporary global Muslim politics.Preservation copy of the original JOIS article. Original issue: Journal of Islamic Studies, Prince of Songkla University; Vol. 13 No. 1 (2022): January - June 2022; 254 - 281. Original OJS page: article record. The end of the issue period is used as the archival publication date; the original day is not specified.

Objective This article aims at studying the two keys issues: 1) To investigate the concept of multiculturalism as understood, and employed by the Thai authority as state's policy to solve problems of …

Objective This article aims at studying the two keys issues: 1) To investigate the concept of multiculturalism as understood, and employed by the Thai authority as state's policy to solve problems of the unrest in the three provinces of southern Thailand, which are reflected in the National Security Policy's papers and other related documents. The study focuses on the understandings of multiculturalist idea by state officers who implement those policy 2) To study on how multiculturalism is understood, interpreted and re-interpreted by the Malay Muslims in the three southern provinces of Thailand, particularly, by those of Islamic learned men (ulama), local leaders of a civil society organizations (CSOs), and their response to the pursuing of multicultural policy by the Thai state. Methodology Qualitative research employing documentary as well as keys informant's in-depth interview. Texts analysis was utilized to compare and relating data in order to meet the objectives of the research. Research findings The study found that the Thai authority utilizes the concept of multiculturalism as a tool so that cultural diversity is managed and controlled under the Thai state, the emphasize was placed at the Buddhists and the Muslims to live together. The understanding of multiculturalism by the Thai state is inherently flaws as it avoids addressing structural problems, particularly, that of the issue of power. The indigenous intellectuals and local CSOs argue that if the Thai is really serious about multiculturalism it must be implement the policy of power sharing and decentralization so that to give local people to be able to manage their own affairs, particularly, as regards to natural resources. In addition, multiculturalism is interpreted differently among Islamic learned men, depends on their affiliation to school of thoughts, however, all have agreed that the main idea is to respect differences in religious beliefs and practices. Contributions: Multiculturalism as understood by different sectors of the society be it state, people, religious learned men, and the CSOs, according to this research can be shared by one another in order to bridge the gap among those sectors. The state in particular can appropriate the findings to correct their implementation of the multicultural policy in southern Thailand.Preservation copy of the original JOIS article. Original issue: Journal of Islamic Studies, Prince of Songkla University; Vol. 13 No. 1 (2022): January - June 2022; 228 - 253. Original OJS page: article record. The end of the issue period is used as the archival publication date; the original day is not specified.

Objective The research aimed to 1) To study the status of Islamic education in higher education institutions in Russia; 2) To study characteristics and directions of Islamic studies curriculums in hig…

Objective The research aimed to 1) To study the status of Islamic education in higher education institutions in Russia; 2) To study characteristics and directions of Islamic studies curriculums in higher education institutions in Russia. Methodology The research methods consisted of 1) Surveying of the Islamic Organization in Russia; 2) Surveying the Islamic education in higher education institutions; and 3) Surveying the characteristics and directions of Islamic studies curriculums in higher education institutions in Russia. Research Findings The findings found that the Russian government has issued a decree establishing the central Islamic organization since 1788. Currently, there are two central Islamic organizations: 1) Central Muslim Spiritual Board of Russia (CMSB Russia) based in Ufa and 2) Russia Mufties Council based in Moscow, it is supported by the Fund for the Promotion of Islamic Culture, Science and Education of the President of the Russian Federation and support of a Islamic studies for Human Recourses Development and Identities Preservation of the main city and the secondary city to be consistent with the context and environment. At the same time, it was found that the characteristics and directions of the Islamic Studies curriculums in Russia have various fields, such as Eastern and African Studies, religious studies, linguistics, Journalism, history and art history. Contributions The status of Islamic education in higher education institutions in both Thailand and Russian Federation is at the same level. This is a guideline that higher education institutions in Thai can be applied in organizing Islamic studies in accordance with the Thai social context and developing towards excellence in Islamic studies.Preservation copy of the original JOIS article. Original issue: Journal of Islamic Studies, Prince of Songkla University; Vol. 13 No. 1 (2022): January - June 2022; 203 - 227. Original OJS page: article record. The end of the issue period is used as the archival publication date; the original day is not specified.

Objective This research aimed at presenting the adjustment of teaching of Islamic studies Pre-Service Teachers in Pandemic Covid-19. Methodology This study employed qualitative approach. Data were col…

Objective This research aimed at presenting the adjustment of teaching of Islamic studies Pre-Service Teachers in Pandemic Covid-19. Methodology This study employed qualitative approach. Data were collected by focus group and in-depth interview by using semi structured questions through 11 key informants which are students of teaching of Islamic studies who were purposely selected based on criterion. The data then were content analyzed. Research findings The results revealed that the adjustment of teaching of Islamic studies Pre-Service Teachers in Pandemic Covid-19 consist of 3 dimensions which researchers have adapted from performance standards of Teachers Council Regulations on Professional Standards (No. 4) B.E. 2562 are 1) The performance of teacher duties, including the development of learners with the spirit of being a teacher. Encourage learning, empathy and acceptance of individual learners' differences. Inspiring learners, self-development to be knowledgeable behave as a role model ethical. 2) Learning management, including preparation of lesson plans, teaching and learning management, and organizing activities to create a learning atmosphere, supervision, assistance, development, and individual learner development reports, innovation, media, and apply technology, creative teamwork, and learning measurements, and 3) Relationships with parents and communities, including cooperation with parents in developing and solving learner problems. Creating a network of cooperation, education, access to the context of the community. and coexisting on the basis of cultural differences and promoting and conserving culture and local wisdom Contributions: The finding of the research showed that students, educational personnel, school administrators and teacher development institutions can be utilized it to design, plan, and prepare for pre-service teachers practicum in Pandemic Covid-19 as well as National Office of Teacher Professional Experience Standards.Preservation copy of the original JOIS article. Original issue: Journal of Islamic Studies, Prince of Songkla University; Vol. 13 No. 1 (2022): January - June 2022; 170 - 202. Original OJS page: article record. The end of the issue period is used as the archival publication date; the original day is not specified.

Objective The study aims to shed light on similarities and differences between realism and Islam in terms of their epistemology, methodology, and relevant concepts such as human nature, state in the a…

Objective The study aims to shed light on similarities and differences between realism and Islam in terms of their epistemology, methodology, and relevant concepts such as human nature, state in the anarchic international system, and power. Methodology This study utilizes a qualitative research approach. Data are mainly taken from relevant literature and books. The analysis is conducted by comparing realism and Islam on the related epistemological and methodological constructs. Research Finding This research argues that Islam and realism fundamentally differ on epistemological and methodological aspects. Realism is posited in line with the positivistic approach that rejects value as part of scientific inquiry. However, it has been argued by Muslim scholars that they are not value-free. Islam, on the contrary, accepts value as an essential part of knowledge and science taken from revelation sources (the Qur'an and Sunnah) and gives equal importance to rationality as a complementary method to comprehend the revelation and vice versa. Application The study shows some relevance between realism and Islam. The study is useful for general readers and researchers who are interested in Islamization of social science in general and international relations in particular. The result demonstrates a clearer understanding of their similarities and differences.Preservation copy of the original JOIS article. Original issue: Journal of Islamic Studies, Prince of Songkla University; Vol. 13 No. 1 (2022): January - June 2022; 151 - 169. Original OJS page: article record. The end of the issue period is used as the archival publication date; the original day is not specified.

This Zenodo record is a permanently preserved version of a PREreview. You can view the complete PREreview at https://prereview.org/reviews/23177620. ## Summary Routing papers usually optimize proxy …

This Zenodo record is a permanently preserved version of a PREreview. You can view the complete PREreview at https://prereview.org/reviews/23177620. ## Summary Routing papers usually optimize proxy costs — parameter counts, API prices, model counts. This one measures the thing itself: per-query GPU energy. The authors run an offline tournament over a fixed pool of small-to-mid open models, recording correctness, latency, board power (polled via pynvml at 200ms, idle baseline subtracted), and effective GPU energy for each query. A small LLM router is then trained on these measurements — supervised fine-tuning followed by GRPO with an energy coefficient λe in the reward — to select one answer model per query. On 913 held-out questions across seven benchmarks, the KL-GRPO checkpoint matches UniRoute (60.9% vs 61.8% accuracy) at ~23% lower mean answer energy (1.69 vs 2.19 kJ); a GRPO checkpoint sits near Smoothie (58.4% vs 59.9%) at ~24% lower energy. The paper also reports a sharp accuracy–energy phase transition across routers, and a striking training effect: RL cuts the controller's own decode from ~2.4s to ~0.8s, making the router itself cheaper. Training cost is quantified as a one-time 0.32–0.40 kWh. ## Strengths 1. **Measured joules, not proxies — the right measurement discipline.** Energy is the cost dimension routing research has mostly ignored, and per-query pynvml profiling with idle-baseline subtraction is how you do it honestly. The finding that MATH-500 is 13% of questions but 52–57% of energy is exactly the kind of measurement that changes how a practitioner thinks about their workload mix. 2. **Admirably honest about failure modes.** The paper reports policy collapse outright — GRPO at λe=0.3 routes literally everything to Llama 3.1 8B with zero selection entropy — plus SFT over-selecting the 0.5B model, and the mid-size-arm aggregate illusion (Always-Qwen2.5-7B looks strong at 64.0% overall but collapses to 26.2% on BBH). These are the results that make the rest of the paper believable. 3. **RL made the router itself cheaper — a genuinely interesting effect.** The 2.4s→0.8s controller decode improvement means RL didn't just pick cheaper answers, it learned to decide faster. Router overhead is the perennial objection to learned routing, and this is the first paper I've seen that measures the router's own cost shrinking under training. ## Major concerns 1. **Offline lookup on one A100 is not serving.** All evaluation is offline replay of pre-logged tournament outcomes — no live serving, no batching, no continuous batching, no multi-tenancy, one A100-SXM4-80GB via Ollama. Production energy per query depends on batching, PUE, idle-power amortization, and hardware mix; joules measured in a lab rig don't translate to anyone's bill without those. The paper's own future work admits online and multi-turn agent settings are unevaluated — that's where the energy actually lives. 2. **The controller's energy is excluded from the headline comparison.** The authors state they "do not invent a controller cost" for baselines — fair — but the main tables then report answer-model energy only, while their own Figure 5 shows controller energy in the hundreds of joules. On cheap queries the router can cost nearly as much as the answer it selects; the headline 23% saving is computed on a ledger that omits the router. 3. **The pool excludes the models where routing actually saves money.** Everything is 0.5B–32B open models; no frontier or API-billed models, and the accuracy band tops out around 60–62% while always-largest hits 73.5%. The router never reaches just-use-the-big-model accuracy, so the "savings" are measured inside a pool nobody routes between in production — the real routing decision (small vs. frontier API) is outside the experiment entirely. ## Practitioner perspective I'd buy the measurement methodology before the routing policy: run the offline tournament on your own fleet, in joules, and you'll learn more about your workload than any router paper will tell you. Energy-aware routing matters most for on-prem and GPU-constrained serving, where joules are the binding constraint; for API-billed fleets, dollars are the meter and this paper doesn't speak that language. And the λe sensitivity — collapse at 0.3, good behavior at 0.4–0.5 — tells me the "sharp phase transition" is at least partly an artifact of the coefficient sweep, so I'd want to see the operating point hold across pools before trusting it. ## Overall assessment A valuable paper for the measurement discipline it brings — per-query energy profiling is the missing cost dimension in routing research — with honest failure-mode reporting and a genuinely interesting finding about RL cheapening the router itself. Recommend with revisions: evaluate under realistic serving (batching, multi-tenancy), include controller energy in the headline comparison, and test with frontier/API models in the pool where routing economics actually apply. Competing interests The author declares that they have no competing interests. Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) The author declares that they used generative AI to come up with new ideas for their review.

Objective of This research was conducted to study and propose guidelines for academic affairs administration of program in Hafiz Quran with Thai meaning of Santichon Islamic School. Methodology of thi…

Objective of This research was conducted to study and propose guidelines for academic affairs administration of program in Hafiz Quran with Thai meaning of Santichon Islamic School. Methodology of this Researchers applied the purposive selection of 31 respondents as a population The research instrument is a questionnaires. The statistics used in data analysis is Frequency, Percentage, mean and standard deviation. Research findings 1. The study reveals in overall the state of academic administration of program in Hafiz Quran with Thai meaning is at a moderate level. When classified by different aspects of its administration they all have the same moderate level of performance. The highest mean is found in the aspect of promoting and supporting the academic affairs towards individuals, families, organizations, and educational institutions followed by the aspect of the development of curriculum, media, innovation and educational technology , learning resources, development school based curriculum development , learning process development, collaboration with related educational institutions to improve academic affairs evaluation, assessment and grades transfer , research for development of the quality of educational institutions counselling; educational supervision; and development of the internal quality assurance system respectively. The study also provides significant guidelines i.e., all aspects of the Hafiz Quran with Thai meaning program administration should be effectively communicated throughout the school; learning management approach should be extended in line with the current technology; authentic evaluation should be effectively carried out and individual student results should be informed to the public; and integration across curriculum through learning subjects Group should be implemented to help students further their study. Contributions: This study can be applied to administrating academic affairs related to the program of Hafiz Quran with Thai meaning of the Santichon Islamic SchoolPreservation copy of the original JOIS article. Original issue: Journal of Islamic Studies, Prince of Songkla University; Vol. 13 No. 1 (2022): January - June 2022; 125 - 150. Original OJS page: article record. The end of the issue period is used as the archival publication date; the original day is not specified.

Objective This article aims 1) To study the activities organizations that international students are interested and want to participate. 2) to study the factors affecting international students in act…

Objective This article aims 1) To study the activities organizations that international students are interested and want to participate. 2) to study the factors affecting international students in activities participation. 3) to study the comparison of activities participation of international students by gender, country, and class study. 4) to propose guidelines promoting international students' activities participation. Methodology This study was survey research that focused on quantity and quality by collecting data with questionnaires. Cross section is undergraduate level of international student, studying at Faculty of Islamic Science, Prince of Songkla University; the total is 55 students from 13 countries: Cambodia, People's Republic of China, Ivory Coast, Guinea, Burkina Faso, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Gambia, Senegal, and Federated States of Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, and Indonesia. For data analysis, we use percentage, arithmetic means and standard deviation. And the tool to access qualitative data will be a group discussion of 33 people collecting population data through representatives of students in each country; to analyze the ways for participation promoting in activities of international students. Research findings 1. The activities organizations those international students are interested and want to participate, that is Student Club and Student Union. The Types of activities most of them want and are interested in participating in the activities as participation. And the type of responsibility in a student organization, students choose International Relations and Coordination Activities. 2. The results of international students' participation in student activities the overall picture is at a high level. If considering each aspect, it was found that the highest is benefits of activities participation, the average was 4.08, and the second is by the students' interest in participation in student activities, averaging 3.91. The average value of the university and clubs' activities receiving was 3.63. 3. The comparison results of difference between gender, country, and class study of international students, FaIS, PSU in student activities, in general, there is no difference. And when considering each aspect, it was found that all aspects were not different. 4. Guidelines to promote participation in activities of international students, consisting of Needs and interests, Factors affecting participation in activities, The aspect of receiving information about various activities of the university and various activities organizations, The benefits of participating in activities, Students' attitude towards the overview of activities in the university. Contributions: Can use the research results as a guideline for organizing international student activities for institutions of higher education in ThailandPreservation copy of the original JOIS article. Original issue: Journal of Islamic Studies, Prince of Songkla University; Vol. 13 No. 1 (2022): January - June 2022; 97 - 124. Original OJS page: article record. The end of the issue period is used as the archival publication date; the original day is not specified.