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This study presents a multivariate mathematical framework to examine the resource allocation process for developing sovereign digital infrastructure within the context of technological diplomacy. Addr…

This study presents a multivariate mathematical framework to examine the resource allocation process for developing sovereign digital infrastructure within the context of technological diplomacy. Addressing the balance between global integration and digital sovereignty, the proposed model extends the Cobb-Douglas production function to incorporate three inputs: sovereign digital infrastructure investment, domestic technological capabilities, and the degree of global technology integration. To quantify diplomatic conditions and cybersecurity thresholds, the study utilizes the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions to establish a system of inequalities. The static structural stability of local optima is examined through the bordered Hessian matrix. Additionally, by mapping these theoretical constraints into the topological space of the Cusp catastrophe theory and introducing a differential equation to model the dynamical system over time, the research analyzes potential marginal performance variations. The simulation illustrates bifurcation points where policies prioritizing sovereignty protection, if applied without corresponding adjustments to domestic technological capacity, may be associated with sudden systemic shifts. This quantitative framework offers a theoretical reference for policymakers to evaluate the trade-offs between digital sovereignty and international technological cooperation.

Abstract: Livestock markets are central to pastoral livelihoods in Turkana County, Kenya, yet weak price discovery, inadequate market information, unequal bargaining power, limited affordability and h…

Abstract: Livestock markets are central to pastoral livelihoods in Turkana County, Kenya, yet weak price discovery, inadequate market information, unequal bargaining power, limited affordability and high transaction costs constrain the benefits of livestock commercialization. This study examines the relationship between pricing strategies, consumer behaviour and market performance in selected secondary livestock markets in Turkana County. A mixed-methods, non-experimental design was employed, drawing quantitative evidence from 168 livestock traders in Kerio, Lorugum and Lokori markets and qualitative evidence from government and civil-society stakeholders and market observations. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, analysis of variance and non-parametric tests where appropriate, while qualitative evidence was used for triangulation and thematic interpretation. The results demonstrate substantial weaknesses in price discovery and price-setting practices. Overall, 54.0% of traders disagreed or strongly disagreed that livestock prices were well discovered and set, while 51.6% expressed negative views regarding the methods used to determine prices. Similarly, approximately 52.0% reported inadequate dissemination of pricing information. Consumer affordability and satisfaction were also major concerns: 71.5% negatively assessed the affordability of livestock and prices, 63.0% negatively assessed meat-product affordability, and 71.3% disagreed that consumers were satisfied with prevailing pricing strategies. At the same time, 65.3% reported strong consumer presence, indicating a gap between potential demand and effective purchasing capacity. Significant differences were observed among the three markets in supply-demand and pricing-related scores, F(2,165) = 25.124, p < .001, with Lorugum recording substantially lower scores than Kerio and Lokori. Qualitative findings indicate that prices are predominantly established through buyer–seller negotiation, visual assessment and physical examination, with limited adoption of standardized grading and live-weight pricing. The findings demonstrate that livestock-market performance is shaped by the interaction of pricing practices, information asymmetry, bargaining power, competition, consumer purchasing capacity, infrastructure, transaction costs and seasonal conditions. The study concludes that improving market performance requires a market-systems approach centred on transparent and evidence-based price discovery rather than administrative price fixing. Priority interventions include regular market-price information systems, standardized grading, progressive adoption of live-weight pricing, stronger producer and trader organizations, improved competition, reduced transaction costs, better market connectivity, consumer-responsive market segmentation and value addition. These measures can strengthen price transparency, improve bargaining outcomes and support more competitive, commercially viable and consumer-responsive livestock markets in Turkana County.

This collection brings together modern LaTeX working reconstructions of Carl Friedrich Gauss's Werke and individual papers, together with original-language transcriptions, English translations, editab…

This collection brings together modern LaTeX working reconstructions of Carl Friedrich Gauss's Werke and individual papers, together with original-language transcriptions, English translations, editable sources, source images, and editorial comparisons. It preserves the work's mathematical arguments and source identities while making the texts available for reading and further correction. These are working editions, with the actual scope and review status stated in each component; the collection does not claim a uniformly completed critical edition or a complete English translation of all volumes. The retained collection includes the source-ordered original-language Band I reconstruction, work on Bands II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX and XI Part I, individual papers and selected passages, and earlier source snapshots and repair packages. The mathematical subjects include number theory, analysis, geometry and geodesy, astronomy, and related work represented in those volumes. The Band IV German/Latin geodesy transcription and its TeX sources, the earlier Band II reading materials through printed page 303, and the individual-paper source/English pairs remain available. The legacy reader once mislabeled as a Band I alternate remains explicitly identified as Band IX. Historical versions and all 41 files of the immediately preceding edition are retained unchanged. Carl Friedrich Gauss is the source author. Modern transcription, translation, typesetting and editorial work use AI assistance. Source statements and literal translations remain identifiable; source errors, supplementary proofs and stronger editorial results are presented as separate notes, not silently attributed to Gauss. Readers should consult the supplied source witnesses, precise passage and proof locators, review records, and unresolved-reading qualifications. 3 October 2026: current Gauss I and II reading supplement Six new bookmarked PDF collections give original-language source, English translation and editorial notes for each volume, totaling 3,135 pages including their dated guides. Band I's new reading collection covers scan pages 2-79 and 232-327 and is explicitly discontinuous. The 80-87 return remains uncollected; retained intermediate candidates do not close that gap or establish ordered acceptance. The older complete original-language Band I working reconstruction remains available, but the new source-critical transcription and English translation are not complete. Band II's principal reading collections combine accepted material through scan page 125, the reviewed continuation 126-173, and independent local readers 174-453. Earlier local comparator readers remain in the editable archives. Local review reaches scan page 453; the recorded ordered-acceptance cursors remain I79 and II125. Scan-page numbers refer to physical source leaves and must not be confused with printed pagination or PDF page numbers. A separately identified Band II letter draft for scan pages 454-457 is supplied in the archives but has not passed final fidelity review and is excluded from the reviewed reading collections. The complete selected working-material supplement retains 288 component readers and 26,878 logical file paths in ordinary independently extractable ZIP archives, with editable TeX, Markdown, tables, native formula images, mathematical checks, and review bindings. A manifest maps logical paths to content-addressed objects, archive names, and original/publication hashes; a restoration script verifies hashes and safe paths. Publication copies remove private machine/account references in identified derivatives while preserving the original local records. Historical build evidence is retained; portability of every old recipe to a new environment is not claimed. Final whole-volume P43/P45 review and the complete improvement/cold audit remain pending. The current Band II ledger includes unresolved mathematical and glyph matters; this publication makes the existing work available without promoting drafts or partial review to final clearance. Start with Gauss_20261003_README.md and the six dated PDF collections. The default preview is the current Band II original-language source collection, reflecting the source-critical diplomatic edition as the principal deliverable. The English translation and separate editorial collection are also directly readable PDFs.

Abstract: Livestock production and trade constitute an important component of livelihoods and local economic activity in Kenya's arid and semi-arid lands. In Turkana West Sub-County, which hosts refug…

Abstract: Livestock production and trade constitute an important component of livelihoods and local economic activity in Kenya's arid and semi-arid lands. In Turkana West Sub-County, which hosts refugees from approximately 24 countries, livestock markets operate within a complex and dynamic system shaped by pastoral production, cross-border mobility, refugee settlement, urbanisation, local consumption, and linkages to external markets. This article examines the organisation and performance of livestock markets in Turkana West, with particular attention to the influence of the growing refugee population and external livestock trade on livestock and livestock-product consumption. The study used qualitative and participatory approaches involving livestock producers, traders, livestock marketing associations, slaughterhouse representatives and other market actors. Remote open-ended interviews, focus group discussions, participatory rural appraisal, market observations and analysis of market records were used across key livestock markets, including Lokore, Kakuma, Letea, Kalobeyei, Lokichoggio and Nanam. Market records were used to examine livestock stocks, sales, slaughter and revenues. The findings show that livestock markets in Turkana West have evolved from predominantly informal and traditional trading arrangements towards a more structured network of primary and secondary markets. Kakuma functions as the principal secondary market and receives livestock from more than ten primary markets. The presence of refugees has expanded local demand, particularly through butcheries and livestock-product businesses, while host-community traders remain strongly involved in the supply of live animals. At the same time, substantial market inefficiencies remain. These include high levels of unsold livestock, inactive traders' working capital, weak market coordination, inadequate slaughter infrastructure, limited utilisation of livestock by-products, weak market information systems, inadequate access to finance and insurance, and constraints associated with disease, drought, insecurity and cross-border movement. The evidence suggests that market resilience depends not only on increasing livestock production but also on improving coordination between production catchments, primary markets, secondary markets, traders, consumers and external markets. Strengthening producer and trader organisations, improving market infrastructure, developing reliable market information, expanding value addition, facilitating formalised trade and strengthening host-community and refugee participation could improve the efficiency and sustainability of livestock markets in Turkana West.

Updated data.

El camino recorrido por el proceso de democratización en México ha estado enmarcado por eventos sociales y políticos que tienen, como base, nuevas prácticas y relaciones en…

El camino recorrido por el proceso de democratización en México ha estado enmarcado por eventos sociales y políticos que tienen, como base, nuevas prácticas y relaciones entre los actores sociales. En este sentido, una de estas relaciones innovadoras es la organización y participación comunitaria a través de los comités de vecinos, que ha sido una experiencia impulsada desde hace varios años en los diferentes órdenes de gobierno en el país. En este trabajo nos referimos, en particular, a la política pública establecida desde los gobiernos, estatal de Baja California, y municipal de Tijuana, sobre este tipo de estrategia de vinculación. Entre los objetivos más destacables que se han procurado, con la formación de este tipo de organizaciones ciudadanas, está el de facilitar, a los gobiernos, la instrumentación de programas sociales y, en segundo lugar, el de alentar la organización de los ciudadanos alrededor de la búsqueda de soluciones a los problemas más sentidos de sus comunidades vecinales. Mexico’s democratization process has been shaped by social and political events rooted in new practices and relationships among social actors. One such innovative relationship involves community organization and participation through neighborhood committees—an initiative promoted for several years across various levels of government in the country. This study focuses specifically on the public policy regarding this type of engagement strategy implemented by the state government of Baja California and the municipal government of Tijuana. Key objectives pursued through the formation of these civic organizations include facilitating the implementation of social programs by the government and, secondly, encouraging citizens to organize in order to seek solutions to the most pressing issues facing their neighborhoods.

Automated daily release of the Mosquito Alert v2 sampling-effort dataset.

Open access data on Mosquito Alert participation and sampling effort. This dataset contains data on participation and sampling effort in the Mosquito Alert citizen science system. It can be used for a…

Open access data on Mosquito Alert participation and sampling effort. This dataset contains data on participation and sampling effort in the Mosquito Alert citizen science system. It can be used for a variety of purposes, including (a) to adjust estimates of mosquito population densities and human-mosquito encounters based on sampling effort, and (b) to better understand the dynamics of citizen scientists' participation. The data is organized spatially by grids of "sampling cells," drawn at intervals of 0.05 degree and 0.025 degree latitude and longitude, and it is based on optional anonymous background tracks from the Mosquito Alert app. The dataset includes raw track counts aggregated in sampling cells, along with estimates of sampling effort based on a model of participants' propensity to send any report as a function of the time elapsed since they first began participating. The repository is hosted on both Zenodo and GitHub and contains the following files: sampling_effort_daily_cellres_025.csv.gz - Daily participation and sampling effort in 0.025 degree sampling cells. sampling_effort_daily_cellres_025_metadata.json - Metadata for the 0.025 degree sampling cell data. sampling_effort_daily_cellres_05.csv.gz - daily participation and sampling effort in 0.05 degree sampling cells. sampling_effort_daily_cellres_05_metadata.json - Metadata for the 0.05 degree sampling cell data. CITATION.cff - Shows how to cite this dataset. LICENSE - License for this dataset. .gitignore - Specifies which files are excluded from the git repository. README.md - This file. .github/workflows/auto-release.yml - Script used for automating releases from GitHub.

The article presents the methodology of the independent lesson analysis conducted by the teacher after a lesson, together with the main criteria to be considered. A systematic “aim — proce…

The article presents the methodology of the independent lesson analysis conducted by the teacher after a lesson, together with the main criteria to be considered. A systematic “aim — process — result — conclusion — improvement” model of lesson analysis is proposed, and practical rules of professional development are set out. The use of active teaching methods that enhance lesson effectiveness — critical thinking development, problem-based and interactive learning, and graphic organisers — together with thought-provoking open questions, is illustrated with practical examples. In addition, the “professional burnout” syndrome, widespread among teachers, is analysed on the basis of modern scientific approaches — the model of C. Maslach and the WHO ICD-11 classification — and practical psychological recommendations for its prevention are provided.